减排定价机制的发展进程

Review on Emission Reduction Pricing Mechanism

我国减排定价机制,萌芽于1973年,顶层设计于改革开放元年的1978年,正式运行起点为1982年7月1日。伴随着价格改革的脚步,排污收费减排定价机制经历了早期萌芽期、初步运行期、"双暂行办法"并行期、成长期、"费改税"过渡期5个阶段,于2017年12月31日完成历史使命,退出了历史舞台;碳排放权交易市场减排机制经历了国际供给侧CDM机制、国内区域试点交易市场机制、全国统一碳交易市场电力行业减排机制;排污权交易市场减排定价机制2007年至今一直处于试点交易期;环境保护税机制2018年1月1日替代排污收费机制,宏观、中观、微观3个层面运行正常。根据分析研究结果,提出了5个方面的对策建议。

The pricing mechanism for emission reduction of China started in 1973,the top-level design was in 1978 and the formal operation started from July 1st,1982.With the reform of price theory,the pricing mechanism for the emission reduction of pollutant charges has experienced the successive stages of top level design,initial operation,"dual provisional measures" of parallel period,mature period and transition period of"transformation from charge to taxation",and it has been ended on Dec.31 st 2017;The emission reduction mechanism of carbon emission permit exchange market has experienced international supply side CDM mechanism,domestic regional pilot transaction market mechanism and national uniform carbon exchange market power industrial emission reduction mechanism;the pollutant permit exchange market emission reduction pricing mechanism has been in pilot transaction period since 2017;the environmental protection tax mechanism has substituted pollutant charge mechanism since Jan 1st 2018,and the macroscopic,intermediate and microscopic layers are running well.According to the analysis,this paper puts forward countermeasures of five aspects.