恩格斯生态自然观探析

Exploration and Analysis on Engels's View of Eco-nature

恩格斯在批判神学自然观和机械自然观的基础上构建了生态自然观。在恩格斯看来,自然界是自我生成、自我修复、自我发展的生态系统。人是自然界长期进化的产物,是自然生态系统的组成部分,在工业革命后成为影响自然生态系统平衡的重要变量。资本主义生产方式是自然生态恶化的根源,无产阶级是生态危机的最大受害者。实现人类与自然的真正和解,需要超越资本主义,走出人类需求与资源消耗的恶性循环;超越主客对立,促进人类发展与生态平衡的有机统一;超越消极无为,充分认识和利用自然界的客观规律。

Engels constructed a point of view about ecological nature on the basis of criticizing the theological view of nature and the mechanical view of nature. In Engels’ view,nature is an ecosystem of self-generation,self-repair,and self-development. Human beings are the product of long-term evolution of nature and are an integral part of the natural ecosystem. After the industrial revolution,they became important variables affecting the balance of natural ecosystems. The capitalist mode of production is the source of the deterioration of the nature and ecology,and the proletariat is the biggest victim of the ecological crisis. Realizing the true reconciliation between man and nature requires transcending capitalism,stepping out of the vicious circle of human needs and resource consumption;transcending the opposition between the subject and the object,promoting the organic unity of human development and ecological balance;transcending negativity and inaction,fully understanding and utilizing the objective laws of the nature.