笔记体与宋代诗学

The Note Style and Poetics in the Song Dynasty

作为一种随笔记录式散文文体,笔记终宋一代始终伴随着宋代诗学的发展,其对宋代诗学面貌的形成产生了重要作用。首先,以笔记为体是宋代诗论的重要形式。笔记为诗话之源,类似诗话的材料也存在于笔记当中,诗话与笔记中的诗论是宋代诗论的主体部分。其次,以笔记为诗是宋代诗艺的一种倾向。笔记影响到宋代诗歌艺术,从以笔记存诗到以笔记证诗,到对诗歌创作、体裁、体例产生的影响,到以笔记代诗的独立存在,笔记与诗歌的关系日渐密切。再次,以笔记为格是宋代诗学的主要特征。以笔记为体之诗论带有笔记内容杂、形式散的特点,呈现出随意性、纪实性、议论性和思辨性的特征,"资闲谈"的北宋诗学偏向前两种特征,"重理论"的南宋诗学侧重后两种特征,这也是宋代诗话日益理论化、系统化的过程。从笔记的角度考察宋代诗学,有助于认识宋代诗学体系构成的丰富性和复杂性。

As an essay recording prose style,notes have always been accompanied by the development of poetics in the Song Dynasty,which played an important role in the formation of the poetic style in the Song Dynasty.First of all,taking notes as the body was an important form of poetic theory in the Song Dynasty.Notes were the source of poetry talks,and materials similar to poetry talks also existed in the notes.The poetic theory in poetry talks and notes were the main part of the poetics of the Song Dynasty.Secondly,taking notes as poetry was a tendency of poetic art in the Song Dynasty.The notes influenced the art of poetry in the Song Dynasty.From carrying poetry in notes to prove the poem with notes,to the influence of poetry creation,genre and style,to the independent existence of replacing poetry with notes,the relationship between notes and poetry was getting closer.Finally,taking notes as a manner was the main feature of poetics in the Song Dynasty.The poetic theory with notes as the body had the characteristics of literary content and scattered forms of the notes,and presented the features of randomness,documentary,argumentation and speculation.The poetry of the Northern Song Dynasty which was used to chat usually had the first two features.The poetry of the Southern Song Dynasty which was focusing on theory leans to the last two features.This was also the increasingly theoretical and systematic process of the poetics of the Song Dynasty.Investigating the poetics of the Song Dynasty from the perspective of notes will help us to understand the richness and complexity of the composition of the poetic system of the Song Dynasty.