农村集体建设用地入市路径——基于几个试点地区的观察

The Pathway of Rural Construction Land Marketization:A Comparison among Several Pilot Areas

现行法律法规不允许集体建设用地直接进入市场,这不利于农民分享工业化、城镇化进程中的土地增值收益。改革开放以来,中央层面自上而下的改进和地方自下而上的探索一直在进行。从2015年起,在全国范围内开展了农村集体经营性建设用地试点,明确规定了入市的地类和途径。试点地区在改革过程中,根据自然和经济社会条件,探索出适合当地需求的集体建设用地入市模式。在今后的集体建设用地入市管理中,应拓宽入市主体和客体,优化农村生产生活布局,将可以入市的土地从存量集体建设用地扩大到新增建设用地,从仅限于经营性用地扩大到所有集体建设用地。

According to the extant laws,rural construction land is not allowed to be directly transferred to urban land users,thereby becoming an obstacle for rural areas to share the land incremental revenue from the industrialization and urbanization.The top-down and the bottom-up institutional evolution of rural construction land marketization are still underway.Since 2015,the nationwide pilot reform of rural construction land marketization has clarified the potential types and pathways of rural-to-urban construction land transfers.During the reform,the pilot areas explored and figured out the suitable pathways of rural construction land marketization based on the context-specific conditions.For the governance of rural construction land marketization,it is suggested that the subjects and objects of rural construction land marketization be expanded or specified;the land use structure in rural areas be optimized;the scope of rural construction land marketization be extended from the extant rural construction land to the newly-added construction land;and the land use types be extended from the commercial use to all types of land use.