刑事司法中的公民个人信息保护

Protecting Personal Information in Criminal Justice

信息社会的到来突显出保障个人信息权的必要性,民法、刑法、行政法领域的个人信息保护立法及相关研究都取得了相应进展,唯独在刑事司法执法领域对公民个人信息权的干预始终被视为法律规制的例外,业已成为个人信息保护的短板。从公民个人信息保护的视角观之,无论是犯罪侦查中的技术侦查措施,还是犯罪预防与情报信息领域的信息收集行为,都存在明显的规范漏洞。国际社会的经验表明,保护公民个人信息权,既要运用合法性原则与比例原则这两项传统规范工具,也应当适度引入个人信息保护的法律原则与机制。就个人信息保护的具体举措而言,应建立混合监督体系,积极应对第三方数据、元数据等规制难题,健全政府部门数据库共享过程中的信息保护机制,厘定个人信息使用中的隐私保护范围。

The advent of the information era illustrates the great necessity of protecting the right of personal information and concerning this issue,great progresses have been made in many legal fields,including civil law,criminal law and administrative law.However,the criminal justice is the exceptional area for legal regulating on protecting personal information,which has been a shortage of the whole legal framework.From the perspective of the right of personal information,whether covert surveillance in criminal investigation or data collection in crime prevention or intelligence area has obvious legal loopholes.International experiences show that besides the principle of legality and proportionality,the principles and institutions in the field of protecting personal information should be borrowed,too.To be specific,the reform should include establishing mix supervision system,meeting the challenge of third-party data,metadata etc.,improving the information protection institutions for data share between different governmental departments and making clear the scope of personal privacy during the use of personal information.