科学话语的建构与风险话语的反制——茂名“PX”项目政策过程中的地方政府与公众

The Development of Scientific Discourse and the Counteraction of Risk Discourse: The Local Government and the Public in the Policy Process of the Maoming PX Program

公共决策的合法性高度依赖于公众的认可和支持,但在实践中,一些地方政府以公众缺乏相关专业知识为由将其排除在政策过程之外。基于"公众理解科学"的分析视角可以发现,在茂名"PX"项目政策过程中,地方政府为保证决策项目的顺利实施,推出了以"不要怕"为基调的科学话语体系,但公众依托地方性知识的认知视角,将政府的科学话语转向以"我还是怕"为基调的风险话语,并采用"把事情闹大"的策略对决策项目行使"否决权"。文章认为,要避免政策过程中的"两败俱伤",就需要恰当地处理好政府的专业性知识与公众的地方性知识之间的张力,并合理定位好地方政府和公众各自的角色。

The legitimacy of public policy is highly dependent on public acceptance and support.However,in some places,the public is ruled out in the real policy process on the excuse of their lacking relevant expertise.Based on the analytic perspective of "The Public Understanding of Science",it can be found that the local government tried to introduce the system of scientific discourse which centered on saying "don't be afraid",for the sake of the successful implementation of the Maoming PX program.On the contrary,based on the cognitive perspective of local knowledge,local residents spoke out "I am still afraid",turning government's scientific discourse into risk discourse;and exercised their veto power on this program through "making a big deal out of it".Therefore,in order to avoid the case of "both sides suffer"in policy process,it is crucial to properly deal with the tensions between science and democracy,governmental expertise and public local knowledge,and to orient suitable roles for both local.governments and the public.