脑部亚低温的应用时机对急诊心跳骤停患者神经功能及认知障碍影响因素分析

Analysis of influencing factors of brain hypothermia application timing on neurological and cognitive impairment in patients with emergency cardiac arrest

目的探讨选择性脑部亚低温的应用时机对急诊心跳骤停患者神经功能的影响。方法选择心跳骤停患者120例,其中男性89例,女性31例;年龄18~60岁,平均年龄51.84岁。按照脑部亚低温的应用时机分为3组,即基本生命支持阶段组(A组)、高级生命支持阶段组(B组)和后续生命支持阶段组(C组),每组40例。A组男性29例,女性11例;年龄18~59岁,平均年龄50.91岁。B组男性31例,女性9例;年龄18~60岁,平均年龄52.04岁。C组男性29例,女性11例;年龄19~58岁,平均年龄51.73岁。患者神经功能在自主循环恢复24 h、7 d采用格拉斯哥昏迷量表(GCS)评分评价,自主循环恢复3个月应用简易精神状态评价量表(MMSE)评分评价,根据MMSE评分评价结果,把患者分为神经功能正常组和认知障碍组行比较分析。结果 A组自主循环恢复24 h存活24例,7 d存活18例,3个月存活16例。B组自主循环恢复24 h存活25例,7 d存活17例,3个月存活15例。C组自主循环恢复24 h存活26例,7 d存活18例,3个月存活15例。3组生存率比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。3组24 h GCS评分和7 d GCS评分差异无统计学意义(F=0.131、0.842,P> 0.05);3个月MMSE评分,A组> B组> C组,3组两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。自主循环恢复3个月时,生存患者中神经功能正常27例,认知障碍19例;3组认知障碍发生率两两之间差异均有统计学意义(χ~2=6.255,P <0.05)。单因素和多因素非条件性Logistic回归分析显示,无脑干反射、心肺复苏实施时间> 5 min、自主循环恢复时间> 10 min、心跳骤停至药物使用时间> 5 min及脑部降温时机延迟为心跳骤停生存患者认知障碍的危险因素。结论选择性脑部亚低温的应用时机对急诊心跳骤停患者神经功能具有一定的影响,基本生命支持阶段优于高级生命支持阶段,高级生命支持阶段优于后续生命支持阶段。

Objective To explore the influence of application timing on selective brain mild hypothermia nervous function in patients with cardiac arrest. Methods A total of 120 patients with cardiac arrest were enrolled, included 89 males and 31 females, aged 18-60 years old with mean age of 51.84 years old. They were divided into 3 groups by brain hypothermia application timing, which were basic life support stage group(group A, n = 40, 29 males and 11 females;aged 18-59 years old with mean age of 50.91 years old), advanced life support stage group(group B, n = 40, 31 males and 9 females;aged 18-60 years old with mean age of 52.04 years old) and subsequent life support stage group(group C, n = 40, 29 males and 11 females;aged 19-58 years old with mean age of 51.73 years old). The nervous function of patients was assessed on 24 hours and 7 th day of spontaneous circulation recovery by Glasgow coma scale(GCS) score, and mini-mental state examination(MMSE) 3 months after restoration spontaneous circulation. The patients were divided into normal nerve function group and cognitive dysfunction group for comparative analysis according to the MMSE score. Results In group A, 24 patients survived at 24 hours after restoration spontaneous circulation, 18 survived at 7 days and 16 survived at 3 months. In group B, 25 patients survived at 24 hours after restoration spontaneous, at 17 survived 7 days and 15 survived at 3 months. In group C, 26 patients survived at 24 hours after restoration spontaneous circulation, 18 survived at 7 days and 15 survived at 3 months, and there was no significant difference in survival rate in 3 groups(P > 0.05). There was no statistical difference between 24 hours GCS scores and 7 days GCS scores in groups(F = 0.131,F = 0.842, P > 0.05). In 3-month MMSE score, group A > group B > group C, and the difference was statistically significant in 3 groups(P < 0.05). There were 27 cases of normal nerve function and 19 cases of cognitive dysfunction in survival patients at3 months after restoration spontaneous circulation, and the difference of incidence of cognitive dysfunction were statistically significant in 3 groups(χ^2=6.255, P < 0.05). The single factor and multiple factors of conditional Logistic regression analysis showed that brainless reflection, cardiopulmonary resuscitation implementation time > 5 minutes, spontaneous circulation restoration time > 10 minutes, time of cardiac arrest to medicate > 5 minutes and selective brain mild hypothermia time delay were the risk factors of cognitive dysfunction in patients with cardiac arrest. Conclusion It is demonstrated that the application timing of selective brain mild hypothermia in patients with cardiac arrest showed a certain influence on nervous function. The basic life support stage is superior to the advanced life support stage, and which is superior to the subsequent life support stage.