近代法国农民共用权利的衰落

Research on the Decline of Common Right of Farmers in Modern France

18世纪,共用权利成为法国农业发展的桎梏。在启蒙运动的影响下,改革的声浪蔓延到农业经济,并提出了消除共用权利的诉求。18世纪中后期,法国进行了圈地运动,并在大革命中分割共用地以求彻底消除共用权利,但终告失败。直到19世纪末20世纪初,共用权利才随着法国农业经济的发展和政府持续改革缓步退场。共用权利衰落的漫长历程,镌刻出法国传统农业和社会的艰难转型。

The common right of the 18th century became the embarrassment of French agricultural development.Under the influence of the Enlightenment,the sound of reform spread to the agricultural economy.In the mid-to-late period of the late 18th century,France carried out enclosure movement and divided the common land in the Great Revolution in order to completely eliminate the common right,but it failed.Until the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century,the common right slowly withdrew with the development of the French agricultural economy and the continuous reform of the government.The long process of the decline of common right engraved the difficult transformation of traditional French agriculture and society.