职场投入的性别不平等及其影响——兼论“出差”的收入效应

The Gender Differences in Job Involvement:A Closer Look into the Income Effects of Business Trip

以劳动者的出差及其强度为窗口,文章检验了职场投入的性别不平等及其影响。基于2014年中国八大城市社会网络与职业经历调查数据,文章发现:男性出差的比例大幅高于女性,大约是后者的1.8倍。而相比不出差的劳动者,短期和长期出差者的月收入分别高出了19%和35%。包括异质性干预效应模型在内的一系列检验均表明出差的收入回报具有稳健的因果效应。综合来看,出差对城市劳动力市场中的性别收入差异的贡献达到了19%,占到了总解释度的88%。在探索出差影响收入的路径时,文章还发现,出差及其强度确实影响了劳动者的人力资本和社会资本投资,以及组织内部的晋升。基于上述分析,文章认为,性别收入差异的主要根源是基于父权制度的"文化偏见",而非"雇主歧视"。

This paper uses two indicators, whether going on business trips and the intensity of going out on business, as proxy for laborers’ job market involvement to empirically explore the gender differences in travelling on business and its resulting income effects on gender-earning differentials. Based on2014 Social Networks and Job Search Survey data set, findings show that the rate at which men participate on business trips is much higher than that of the women’s, by approximately 1.8 times. Compared with laborers who do not go out on bussiness, those who have short stay and long stay on business trip respectively earn 19% and 35% higher. A series of statistical models, including Heterogeneous Treatment Effect Models have proved the robustness of these findings. On balance, gender differences in two indicators of business trips can explain 19% of the gender-earning differentials, and contribute to 88% of the total.Moreover, it is found that two indicators of business trips have indeed affected laborers’ investments in human capital, social capital, and their promotion within the organizations. It is speculated that gender-earning differentials originates from cultural bias, which is rooted in patriarchy, rather than from employers’ discrimination.