歌德与伊斯兰思想——论《西东合集》精神空间中的伊斯兰元素

Goethe and Islamic Thought:On the Islamic Elements in the Spiritual Space of West-?stlicher Divan

歌德与伊斯兰的亲密关系实属诗人生平最令人惊诧的现象之一,他对伊斯兰教的理解和景仰在《西东合集》中呈现为结晶般的诗学图像,这组诗学图像浮现自歌德理念与伊斯兰思想的视域融合,并在《古兰经》互文、伊斯兰箴言和寓言的诗学书写间逐渐整全,最终在死与变(Stirb und werde)的诗学辩证中达成了对伊斯兰思想的升华。借助伊斯兰思想中的归顺元素,歌德在诗集中构建出一个永恒的精神空间,以超越人类灵魂的永不安宁性。

The relationship between Goethe and Islam is one of the most astonishing phenomena within Goethe's own life.His understanding and admiration of Islam has been crystallized as a poetic image in West-dstlicher Divan.This poetic image emerged from the fusion of horizons of Goethe's ideas and Islamic thoughts,and it gradually integrates in the poetic writing of intertextuality with the Qur5 an,Islamic aphorism and parables.The higher and highest sublimation of Islamic thoughts was finally achieved in the poetic dialectic of death and change.With the element of submission in Islamic thought,Goethe constructs an eternal spiritual space that transcends the perpetual restless?ness of the human soul and humanistic supremacy of human reason.As a result,West-dstlicher Divan was declared as a Hermes'poetics declaration,rejecting the humanistic reason of supreme humanism in a divine order.