不同品种川贝母生物碱镇咳、抗炎作用比较

Comparative Study on the Pharmacodynamic Differences of the Anti-tussive and Anti-inflammatory Effects of the Alkaloids from Different Varieties of Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus

目的比较太白贝母(野生、栽培)与松贝、青贝、炉贝生物碱大孔树脂纯化物的镇咳、抗炎药效学差异,为其临床应用和进一步开发利用提供依据。方法通过回流法提取,大孔吸附树脂纯化不同品种川贝母总生物碱;紫外分光光度法测定川贝母总生物碱含量。比较5种不同品种川贝母生物碱(2.3 mg·kg-1)对氨水致小鼠咳嗽及二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀的镇咳、抗炎药效学差异。对不同品种川贝母生物碱镇咳、抗炎实验结果进行聚类分析。结果经大孔吸附树脂纯化后,各川贝母样品生物碱含量在51.93%~68.38%之间。太白贝母(野生)、太白贝母(栽培)、松贝、青贝、炉贝生物碱均可明显延长小鼠咳嗽潜伏期;太白贝母(野生)、松贝、青贝、炉贝生物碱可明显降低小鼠2 min咳嗽次数。青贝、炉贝生物碱可使二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀率明显降低,而太白贝母(野生、栽培)抗炎效果不明显。聚类分析表明,松贝、青贝、炉贝数据聚为一类,再与太白贝母(野生)聚集,而与太白贝母(栽培)分离。结论太白贝母与松贝、青贝、炉贝生物碱一样具有镇咳作用,但抗炎效果不明显,其生物碱组成可能与松贝、青贝、炉贝有一定差异。

Objectives To compare the pharmacodynamic differences of the anti-tussive and anti-inflammatory effects of equal quantities of the total macroporous-purified alkaloids of Taibaibeimu,Songbei,Qingbei and Lubei,and provide the basis for further development and clinical application.Methods Total alkaloids were extracted by reflux and purified by the macroporous resin;the alkaloids contents were determined by the UV spectrophotometry;the pharmacodynamic differences of the effects of the different alkaloids on the xylene-induced mouse ear edema model and the ammonia-stimulated mouse cough model.Cough inhibition and swelling inhibition rates of all samples were cluster-analyzed.Results After purified by the macroporous resin,the contents of the total alkaloids of different varieties of Chuanbeimu were between 51.93%-68.38%.The equal quantities of the alkaloids of Songbei,Qingbei,Lubei and both of cultivated and wild Taibaibeimu could obviously prolong coughing incubation period of the ammonia-stimulated mouse cough model;wild Taibaibeimu,Songbei,and Qingbei could reduce the coughing times in 2 min.Wild Taibaibeimu possessed equal effect on prolonging coughing incubation period and reducing coughing times in 2 min,while cultivated Taibaibeimu only on prolonging coughing incubation period.The alkaloids of Qingbei and Lubei could obviously reduce the xylene induced mouse ear swelling rate while whether wild or cultivated Taibaibeimu showed no effect.Cluster analysis showed that the cough inhibition and swelling inhibition rates of the alkaloids of Taibaibeimu could be completely separated from the equal quantities of those of Songbei,Qingbei and Lubei.Compared with the cultivated one,the wild one showed more similar data with the other Chuanbeimu.Conclusion Like Songbei,Qingbei and Lubei,the alkaloids of Taibaibeimu had anti-tussive effect,but little anti-inflammatory effect.Therefore,the composition of the alkaloids of Taibaibeimu were possibley different from Songbei,Qingbei and Lubei.