周初封建赏赐的政治特征

On the Political Characteristics of Feudal Rewards in the Early Zhou Dynasty

封建赏赐是西周王室赏赐制度的核心内容,也是国家礼乐制度的重要组成部分。根据传世文献和考古资料可知,"尚亲""尚德""尚功"是周初封建赏赐最为明显的三个政治特征,它彰显了国家在重大利益分配上的指导思想:既要使姬姓贵族更多地分享灭商带来的政治利益,但也不能利益均分;通过区分统治集团内部的贤庸之别,重点照顾为灭商活动作出贡献的宗室子弟;同时,为了笼络更多的贵族,也使有功于周室的异姓功臣得到封建赏赐。

Feudal reward is the core content of the royal reward system in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and also an important part of the national ritual and music system. According to the handed down documents and archaeological data, it can be seen that the three most obvious political characteristics of feudal reward in early Zhou Dynasty were"kinship-worship","virtue-worship"and"merit-worship".It highlighted the guiding ideology of the state in the distribution of important benefits, that is, not only making the aristocrats of Ji’s family share more political benefits brought about by the destruction of businessmen, but also not equalizing interests by distinguishing between the virtuous and the mediocre within the ruling group. At the same time, in order to attract more aristocrats, it is also possible to share the political benefits brought about by the destruction of businessmen with different surnames of meritorious officials of the Zhou Dynasty.