安阳市苯作业人员健康现状调查

Status investigation on workers' exposed to benzene in Anyang city

目的了解安阳市苯作业人员健康现状,分析健康相关指标与行业、接触水平、接触工龄等影响因素的关系。方法对安阳市44家涉苯企业中苯作业人员3 251名进行职业性健康检查,收集工作场所苯浓度检测结果,选取以上涉苯企业中不接触苯的行政、销售、保卫、后勤等工作人员2 038名作为对照组进行比较,并进行统计分析。结果 44家涉苯企业仅26家进行了工作场所苯浓度检测,机械设备制造、印刷、制鞋业苯浓度合格率较低。接触组白细胞和(或)血小板、中性粒细胞减少的检出率为4.8%(157/3 251),显著高于对照组(χ2=37. 530,P <0.001)。白细胞和(或)血小板、中性粒细胞减少的检出率随着苯接触水平的增高、接触工龄的增长而增高,经常使用个人防护用品的苯作业人员检出率较低。结论应加强接苯作业工人的职业健康监护,采取安装通风排毒设施、改革工艺,加强自动化等措施,改善工作条件,减少接害工龄,加强个人防护,预防职业病的发生。

Objective To understand workers’ exposed to benzene health status in Anyang city,and to analyze the relationship between health-related index and influence factors such as industry categories,exposure levels,length of working age and so on.Methods 3 251 people of 44 enterprises involved in benzene were checked with occupational health-related.The detection results of benzene concentration in the workplace were collected.2 038 staffs not exposed to benzene of 44 enterprises involved in benzene as control group,including administrative,sales,security,logistics staff,etc.Results Only 26 in 44 enterprises involved in benzene were detected. The qualified rates of benzene concentrations in machinery and equipment manufacturing profession,printing profession and shoemaking profession were low.Among the 3 251 samples in the exposed group,157/3 251( 4.8%) decreased white blood cell counts,and( or) platelets,neutrophil counts were found out.Compared with the control group,there were significant differences( χ^2= 37.530,P<0.001).The occurrence rate of increased with the increased of benzene exposure levels and the growth of working age.The detection rate was low for workers exposed to benzene who often use personal protective equipment.Conclusion It should strengthen the health protection and health care for workers’ exposed to benzene,take measures to install ventilation detoxification facilities,reform process,increase automation,improve work conditions,reduce the benzene-exposed time,strengthen personal protection and prevent the occupational diseases.