局部排风在船舶企业焊接工艺中的应用及评价

Application and evaluation of local exhaust air in the welding process of ship enterprises

目的应用局部排风技术对船舶企业的焊接作业进行防护并对防护效果进行评价。方法依据国家相关标准对两家船舶企业进行现场职业卫生学调查、职业病危害因素检测、局部排风设施的罩口风速、控制风速检测。结果使用局部排风技术,可有效降低船舶企业焊接工艺产生的电焊烟尘、锰及其无机化合物的浓度和超标率。使用局部排风技术前,电焊烟尘的超标率最高为75%,锰及其无机化合物的超标率为100%;使用局部排风技术后,电焊烟尘的超标率降至8.3%,锰及其无机化合物的超标率降至33.3%。结论合理使用局部排风技术可有效控制船舶企业焊接作业产生的电焊烟尘、锰及其有机化合物的浓度,值得在焊接作业中推广应用。

Objective To evaluate protective effect of the application of local air exhaust to protect the welding operation of ship enterprises.Methods The occupational hygienic investigation of the two ship enterprises,the detection of occupational hazards,the wind speed of the cover of the local ventilation facilities and the control of the wind speed were carried out.Results The use of local exhaust technology can effectively reduce the concentration and excess rate of welding soot,manganese and its organic compounds produced by the welding process of the shipbuilding enterprises. Before using local exhaust ventilation,The highest exceed rate of welding dust is 75%,The overrating rate of manganese and its inorganic compounds is 100%. After using local exhaust ventilation technology,The exceed rate of welding dust decreased to 8.3%,The excess rate of manganese and its inorganic compounds dropped to 33.3%. Conclusion Reasonable use of local exhaust technology can effectively control the concentration of welding fume,manganese and its organic compounds generated by welding operations in shipbuilding enterprises,and is worthy of popularization and application in welding operations.