青岛及北京地区五年间空气中豚草花粉的调查与分析

Investigation and analysis of airborne ragweed pollen in Qingdao and Beijing areas from 2010 to 2015

目的调查青岛及北京两地空气中豚草花粉的含量、分布规律,分析其变化特点。方法采用重力沉降法,于2010年至2015年,在青岛地区设2个监测点,在北京设1个监测点,每日进行花粉曝片,并结合野外调查。结果青岛地区豚草只有矮豚草,其花粉含量2010年为175粒(西部)、257粒(东部); 2011年为508粒(西部)、589粒(东部); 2015年为792粒(西部)。豚草花粉的飘散高峰期集中在8、9月份,8月下旬和9月上旬花粉含量最多。北京地区野外未见豚草大量繁殖地,2010年为4粒,2011年为2粒,2012～2015年未见。结论五年间青岛地区东西部花粉监测点均发现豚草花粉含量呈逐年增高,提示应重视豚草的蔓延和花粉症的防治。

Objective As an invasive species,ragweed not only destroys the local vegetation,but also easily causes allergic rhinitis and asthma. It is one of the most important allergens causing pollinosis in summer and autumn in China. We investigated the concentration and distribution of ragweed pollen and analyzed its changing profile in the air of Qingdao and Beijing. Methods Two monitoring stations( west and east) were set up in Qingdao,and one in Beijing,and data were collected from 2010 to 2015. The pollen in the air was collected by the gravity sedimentation method and identified under microscopes. Pollen exposure analysis was performed daily,combined with open field investigation. Results Only Ambrosia artemisiifolia pollen were found in Qingdao. The pollen count was 175( west) and 257( east) in 2010;508( west) and 589( east) in 2011;and 792( west) in 2015. The peak ragweed pollen concentration was in August and September,and reached its highest level in late August and early September. There was no breeding of ragweed in the wild near Beijing. Ragweed pollen count was 4 in 2010,2 in 2011,and was not observed under a microscope from 2012-2015 in Beijing. Conclusion During the five-year-experimental period,pollen monitoring stations in the eastern and western parts of Qingdao showed that the concentration of ragweed pollen in the air increased every year,suggesting that strategies should be devised to check the spread of ragweed pollen,and to prevent and control pollinosis.