医学生未来时间洞察力、自尊与职业延迟满足的关系

Relationship among future time perspective,self-esteem and occupational delay of gratification in medical students

目的探讨医学生未来时间洞察力与职业延迟满足的关系及其影响机制。方法采用青少年未来时间洞察力问卷、自尊量表和职业延迟满足问卷对507名医学专业的在校本科生进行调查。结果未来时间洞察力中的未来消极得分为1.91±0.63,未来积极得分为3.41±0.78,未来迷茫得分为2.43±0.74,未来坚持得分为3.50±0.62,未来清晰得分为3.83±0.69,未来计划得分为3.28±0.70,自尊总分为29.92±4.52,职业延迟满足总分为17.16±3.85。其中未来消极、未来迷茫与自尊、职业延迟满足呈负相关(P<0.01),未来积极、未来坚持、未来清晰、未来计划与自尊、职业延迟满足呈正相关(P<0.01);未来迷茫负向预测职业延迟满足(β=-0.134,P<0.05),未来坚持和未来计划正向预测职业延迟满足(β=0.243、0232,均P<0.01),未来消极负向预测自尊(β=-0.368,P<0.01),未来积极、未来坚持正向预测自尊(β=0.183、0.194,均P<0.01),自尊正向预测职业延迟满足(β=0.166,P<0.01)。具体而言,自尊在未来消极、未来积极与职业延迟满足之间起完全中介作用,在未来坚持与职业延迟满足之间具有部分中介作用。结论医学生的未来时间洞察力通过自尊对职业延迟满足产生影响,从时间认知的角度出发,改善自尊水平,有助于提升医学生的职业延迟满足能力。

[Objective]To explore the relationship between future time perspective and occupational delay of gratification in medical students and its influencing mechanism.[Methods] The Students’ Future Time Perspective Questionnaire,Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale and Occupational Delay Satisfaction Questionnaire were used to investigate the 507 medical students.[Results] The sco re of negative future was 1.91 ±0.63,positive future was 3.41 ±0.78,future confusion was 2.43 ±0.74,future persistence was 3.50 ±0.62,future clarity was 3.83 ±0.69,future plan was 3.28 ±0.70,and the total score of self-esteem was29.92 ±4.52,and the total score of occupational delay satisfaction was 17.16 ±3.85. There was a significant negative correlation between future negativity,future confusion and self-esteem,professional delay satisfaction(P<0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between future positive,future persistence,future clarity,future plan and self-esteem,career delay(P<0.01). The future confusion negatively predicted occupational delay of gratification(β=0.134,P<0.05),the future persistence and future plan significantly positively predicted career delay(β=0.243,0.232,both P<0.01),the negative future significantly negatively predicted self-esteem(β=-0. 368, P < 0. 01),the positive future and future persistence significantly positively predicted self-esteem(β=0.183,0.194,both P<0.01),and the self-esteem significantly positively predicted occupational delay of gratification(β=0.166,P<0.01). In particula r,self-esteem had a complete intermediary role between the negative future,positive future and occupational delay of gratification,played a partial role between the future persistence and occupational delay of gratification.[Conclusion]Future time perspective has an impact on occupational delay of gratification through self-esteem in medical students. From the perspective of time cognition,improving self-esteem level can help to enhance their ability of occupational delay of gratification.