2017年唐山市农村环境卫生监测结果

Monitoring results of rural environmental sanitation in Tangshan City in 2017

目的了解唐山市农村环境卫生现状,掌握农村环境卫生健康危害因素水平及动态变化,为制定农村环境卫生政策提供客观依据。方法选取遵化市、玉田县、滦县和丰南区为监测县区。每个县区随机抽取5个乡镇(不含城关镇),每个乡镇抽取4个行政村,每个行政村抽取5户家庭。共计80个监测村,400个监测户。通过查阅资料、问卷调查、访谈、现场观察等方法获得监测数据。结果村内道路全部硬化的为63个行政村,占78.75%;农村生活饮用水集中式供水覆盖96 399人,覆盖率为91.82%;卫生户厕为18 006个,占户厕总数的60.18%;70个村的生活垃圾是定点堆放,统一收集,定点堆放率为87.50%;54个村的生活垃圾处理方式为填埋,填埋率为67.50%;生活污水排放到坑塘的为50个村,占62.50%。居民户中病媒生物孳生地调查,有病媒滋生的家庭占85.25%,居民厨房内发现苍蝇的占55.00%,鼠迹11.00%,蟑螂成若虫阳性率占3.25%,蟑迹2.75%。结论唐山市农村环境卫生状况总体良好,建议继续加大农村环境卫生的物质和资金投入,增强对农村垃圾和污水处理能力,加强农村病媒生物防治工作,减少媒介生物传播疾病的发生。

[Objective]To understand the current situation of rural environmental sanitation in Tangshan City,grasp the level and dynamic changes of rural environmental health hazard factors,and provide objective basis for the formulation of rural environmental health policies.[Methods]Zunhua City,Yutian County,Luanxian County and Fengnan District were selected as monitoring counties.Five towns(excluding chengguan town) were randomly selected in each county,four administrative villages were selected in each town,and five families were selected in each administrative village. There were a total of 80 monitoring villages and 400 monitoring households. Monitoring data were obtained through consulting materials,questionnaire,interviews,on-site observation and other methods.[Results]63 administrative villages have hardened their roads,accounting for 78.75 %. Centralized water supply for rural drinking water covered 96 399 people,the coverage rate was 91.82%. There were 18 006 sanitary household toilets,accounting for60.18% of total household toilets. Domestic waste in 70 villages was stored at designated sites and collected uniformly,and the fixed-point stacking rate was 87.50%. 54 villages treated domestic waste by landfill,and the landfill rate was 67.50%. 50 villages discharged the domestic sewage into pits and ponds,accounting for 62.50%. Investigation of vector breeding places in residents’ households showed that 85.25% of households were infected with disease vectors,55.00% of households found flies in their kitchens,11.00% found rats,the positive rate of adult nymphs of cockroaches was 3.25%,and cockroach trace was 2.75%.[Conclusion]The rural environmental sanitation is generally good in Tangshan City. It is necessary to continue to increase the input of materials and funds for rural environmental sanitation,enhance the treatment capacity of rural garbage and sewage,strengthen the prevention and control of vector-borne diseases in rural areas,and reduce the occurrence of vector-borne diseases.