宁夏贺兰山自然保护区森林生态系统净化大气环境功能

Air purification function of forest ecosystem in Helanshan Nature Reserve of Ningxia

探究宁夏贺兰山自然保护区森林生态系统净化大气功能的空间分布格局,可为保护区森林生态系统经营管理提供指导。本研究从提供负离子、吸收二氧化硫、吸收氟化物、吸收氮氧化物、滞尘、滞纳PM_(10)和滞纳PM_(2.5)等7个方面,从水平分布和垂直梯度两个方向,对宁夏贺兰山自然保护区森林生态系统净化大气环境功能的空间格局进行评价。结果表明:宁夏贺兰山自然保护区森林生态系统净化大气环境功能显著,提供负离子量为1.426×10^(23)个·a^(-1),滞纳PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)量分别为361.27和77.44 t·a^(-1);在水平分布上,物质量和价值量均呈现出中部高,南部次之,北部最小的变化规律,5个保护管理站的森林生态系统净化大气环境功能物质量和价值量均呈现大水沟>马莲口>苏峪口>石嘴山>红果子的变化规律;在垂直梯度上,呈现2400～3000 m段高于3000～3500和1800～2400 m段,山体阴坡高于阳坡的分布规律,以灌木林和云杉林的生态系统服务功能最大。

Assessing spatial distribution of air quality purification functions of forest ecosystems can provide reference for ecosystem management. From aspects of negative iron supply,absorption of SO2,absorption of fluorine,absorption of NOX,dust retention,PM10 retention and PM2.5retention,we examined the spatial pattern of air quality purification functions of the forest ecosystems in Helanshan Nature Reserve along the horizontal and vertical gradients. Results showed that air quality purification function of the forest ecosystems in the reserve was substantial,with negative iron supply being 1. 426 × 1023·a^-1,PM10 retention and PM2.5retention being 361. 27 and77.44 t·a^-1,respectively. In the horizontal direction,the substance amount and capital value of the forest ecosystems was the highest in the central of the reserve,followed by the south,and least in the north. Both substance amount and capital value in the five management stations of the reserve were in order of Dashuigou > Maliankou > Suyukou > Shizuishan > Hongguozi. On the vertical gradient,the substance amount and capital value of the forest ecosystems were higher at the altitude of 2400-3000 m than at 3000-3500 and 1800-2400 m,and were higher on the shady slope than on the sunny slope. With respect to forest types,the air quality purification function of shrubs and spruce forests was the largest.