中国国家湿地公园的建设布局及其动态

Establishment and dynamics of national wetland park system in China

湿地公园已成为我国湿地保护体系的重要组成部分,并发挥着重要的生态功能。本研究采用GIS 10.0和聚集度指数等对我国国家湿地公园的建设现状、地理分布格局和发展动态进行了分析。截止2017年底,我国已建898处国家湿地公园,其中河流型和湖泊型约占80%。同时,单个国家湿地公园面积普遍不足50 km2,且大多位于农田和城镇周边。我国国家湿地公园和通过验收国家湿地公园的聚集度指数分别为0.31和0.48,地理空间上聚集程度高。东部沿海和西部地区国家湿地公园空间分布较为集中,而在中部地区其分布较为分散,高密度热点区域为鲁中南、长三角、湘北-鄂东南等地。自2005年以来,其建设经历了探索建设期(2005—2007年)、稳定建设期(2008—2010年)和快速建设期(2011—2017年)。未来我国国家湿地公园建设布局应注重其优化布局,更加关注沼泽湿地、近海与海岸湿地的保护,以及云贵高原、西北干旱和半干旱等区域,并保证单个湿地公园的建设面积足够大。

Wetland park has become an important part of wetland conservation system in China,providing various ecological functions. We analyzed the current status,geographical distribution pattern and development trend of national wetland parks in China using GIS 10.0 and contagion index. By the end of 2017,there were 898 national wetland parks in China,within which 80%were related with river and lake. The area of individual park was generally less than 50 km^2. Most of those parks were located around farmlands and towns. The geographical distribution of all national wetland parks and the formally approved ones was highly concentrated,with a contagion index of 0.31 and 0.48,respectively. The national wetland parks were concentratedly distributed in eastern coastal and western regions,but were dispersed in central China. The high-density hotspots of national wetland parks were in central-southern Shandong,Yangtze River delta,and northern Hunan-southeastern Hubei. The development of national wetland parks in China could be divided into three periods since 2005,namely exploration stage( 2005-2007),stable stage( 2008-2010),and rapid construction stage( 2011-2017). In the future,we should pay more attention to optimizing the layout of national wetland parks and focus on the conservation of marshes and coastal wetlands,the Yunnan-Guizhou plateau,and arid and semi-arid northwest China.Meanwhile,the area of individual national wetland park should be large enough.