森林生态补偿研究进展

Research Progress on Forest Ecological Compensation

森林生态产品具有显著的正外部性,使全社会受益,但保护森林的成本主要由农户承担,因此必须给予农户一定的补偿。森林生态补偿是一项系统工程,国内外学者进行了大量研究,得出了许多富有价值的结论。从森林生态补偿含义、补偿标准、补偿模式、补偿意愿和补偿效应等方面对现有文献进行系统梳理,发现现有文献在研究内容上尚存在很多盲点和不足之处。第一是差异化补偿标准测算问题,对不同地域、不同树种、不同造林方式的森林生态补偿标准缺乏比较研究;第二是生态补偿资金的分摊问题,对森林生态补偿资金在不同补偿主体之间的分摊比例研究不够;第三是不同补偿模式耦合的临界点问题,对市场补偿和政府补偿的边界,以及两种补偿模式的交易成本测度等问题缺乏研究;第四是森林生态补偿的激励相容机制问题,对不同补偿模式的激励相容效果和激励相容度测算等问题关注不够。基于上述结论,对森林生态补偿的研究趋势进行展望。

Forest eco-products have significant positive externalities and benefit the whole society, but the cost of protecting forest is mainly undertaken by farmers, so we must compensate them. Forest ecological compensation is a systematic project. Domestic and foreign scholars have done a large number of researches and obtained many valuable conclusions. This paper combed the existing literature systematically in many ways, including the meaning of forest ecological compensation, compensation standard, compensation mode, compensation willingness and compensation effect. We found that there were still many blind spots and shortcomings in the existing literature. The first question was the measurement of differential compensation standard, and the comparative study on ecological compensation standards of different forest was lacking, such as different regions, different tree species, different afforestation methods and so on. The second question was the allocation of ecological compensation funds, and the study on the proportion of funds between different compensation principal was not enough. The third question was the coupling critical point of different compensation mode, and the study on the boundary between market compensation and government compensation was lacking.The study on the measurement of transaction cost about different compensation is also scanty. The fourth question was incentive mechanism of forest ecological compensation, and the research on incentive compatibility effect and incentive compatibility degree calculation about different compensation model was insufficient. Based on the above conclusions, this paper prospected the research trend of forest ecological compensation.