加拿大林业发展现状及启示

The Status and Enlightenment of Canadian Forestry Development

加拿大拥有丰富的森林资源和可持续经营历史,拥有全球最多的认证森林面积。文章结合加拿大自然资源部发布的加拿大2017森林状况年度报告,总结了加拿大林业概况,分析采伐、火灾、病虫害、气候变化等因素对森林资源的影响。研究表明,林业在加拿大经济中地位非常重要,在促进就业、影响居民收入和社区发展等方面起到了积极作用。未来加拿大林业发展将从传统林产品转向生物质能源等。我国应在森林认证、森林经营方案编制和执行、林业生物质能源发展方面充分学习加拿大的经验,并在气候变化和火灾对森林生态系统影响方面加强研究。

Canada has rich forest resources and sustainable forest management history, and has the largest certificated forest area in the world. Based on The State of Canada’s Forests Annual Report 2017, this paper summarized the profile of forestry development in Canada, and then analyzed the impact of logging, fire, pesticide and climate change on forest resources. The results indicated that: forestry has played a crucial role in Canada’s economy, particularly in creating jobs, promoting residents’ income and community development. Though facing challenges, Canada’s forestry is already on the way to shift from traditional timber production to non-timber products like bio-energy. However, the successful experience of Canada’s forestry in forest certification, forest management planning and execution, forestry bio-energy should be further learned by China. Moreover, we also need to strengthen research on the effect of climate change and fire on forest ecosystem.