马克思主义发展三种路径的比较分析

Comparison and Analysis of the Three Paths of Marxism Development

马克思主义在其发展史上主要经历了俄化、西化和中化三种发展路径。这三种发展路径的共通之处在于对"人类解放"这一主题的追求以及将马克思的经典论著作为研究的理论前提、通过论战推动马克思主义理论传播。俄国作为第一个取得社会主义革命胜利的国家,其马克思主义发展路径具有革命性、开拓性和实践检验性的特征;西方的马克思主义者致力于找寻"非俄式"的马克思主义发展道路,其理论具有现代性和普遍与各种现代西方哲学思潮相结合、倾向于对"人"进行研究的特点;马克思主义中国化发展路径的独特之处则在于它的人民性、发展性和一脉相承下的创新性。对三种发展路径进行比较分析可以为我们科学发展马克思主义带来诸多启示:我们应看到马克思主义产生的西方文化根基,避免将其从所处的社会背景中剥离出来的错误做法;要认识到马克思主义革命斗争理论在成熟的法制社会合理性的削弱,认识到不存在固定的马克思主义发展的制度模式,必须理论联系实际地探索合适自身的发展道路;要以理性的态度、开放的视野、批判的思维和对话的精神对待马克思主义,以此推动马克思主义的科学发展。

Marxism has mainly experienced three stages of development: Russianization,Westernization and Sinicization. What the three development paths have in common are the pursuit of the theme of"human liberation",taking Marx’s classic works as the theoretical premise of research,and promoting the dissemination of Marxist theory through the way of controversy. As the first country to win the victory of socialist revolution,the path of Marxist development in Russia is revolutionary,pioneering and practical. Western Marxists are committed to finding a"non-Russian"development path of Marxism. Its theory has the characteristic of modernity. In addition,it generally combines with various modern Western philosophical ideas and tends to study the issue of"man". The characteristics of the development path of Marxism in China are people’s participation,development and innovation. By comparing and analyzing the three development paths,we can draw several lessons about Marxism in scientific development. We should see that Marxism was originated in Western culture,so we must avoid separating it from its social background.We should realize that the theory of revolutionary struggle in Marxism needs to be reasonably weakened in a mature legal society.As there is no fixed institutional model in the development of Marxism,it is necessary to connect theory with practice and explore the development path that is suitable for our country. In addition,we should treat Marxism with a rational attitude,an open vision,a critical thinking and a spirit of dialogue. Only in this way can we promote the scientific development of Marxism.