马克思主义解决现实矛盾问题的实践矛盾思想

Marxist Thought of Practical Contradictions in Solving Realistic Contradictions

许多中国学者将目前为止的马克思主义矛盾思想的演化视为理论进化和创新的历程。也有许多国内外学者认为中国改革开放的实践是对此前马克思主义或者马克思最初矛盾思想的背离。这两种观点往往预设,中国的改革开放与苏联专政体制和阶级斗争模式相比,是超出马克思原初视野的新实践。就马克思主义解决现实矛盾问题的实践诉求而言,中国的改革开放以先富与后富的差别模式推动生产力发展以实现共同富裕的道路,与高度集中的苏式专政体制和以阶级差别为基础的斗争模式相比,更加贴近马克思以物质实践为客观条件和以人的解放为主观诉求的实践矛盾思想的初衷。

Many Chinese scholars normally consider the change of Marxist idea of contradiction as a process of evolution or innovation. There are also some domestic and foreign scholars who regard the practice of China’s reform and opening up as a deviation from former official Marxism or Marx’s original thought of contradiction. These opinions hold a common premise that,China’s reform and opening up,compared with the plan system of Soviet Union and the mode of class struggle,has gone beyond the original horizon of Marx’s thought. Based on Marx’s practice demand of changing the world,this article examines the change of Marxist practical idea of contradiction,and checks this premise. Our research shows that,China’s reform and opening up,with its way of developing the force of productivity to achieve the goal of rich-together by the mode of some people getting rich first,some later,compared with the highly centralized Soviet plan system and the mode of class struggle based on class difference,is more in accordance with Marx’s original intention of practical idea of contradiction with material practice as its objective basis and human emancipation as its subjective demand.