比较政治学视域下量化研究方法的边界

The Boundary of Quantitative Research Methods in the Perspective of Comparative Political Studies

比较政治学视域下,量化研究方法对学科发展做出了突出贡献,推动了整个学科朝着科学化方向发展,推动了方法论范式遵循着"密尔五法—量化研究—多元方法论范式"的路径发展,推动了理论范式遵循着"国家中心主义—结构功能主义—新制度主义—理性选择主义为代表的多元范式"的路径发展。但是,量化研究方法存在的局限性阻碍其进一步发展。为解决统计数据真实性、学术研究独立性、研究议题解释性等问题,研究者需要以"解释政治现象"为研究目的,以"实证主义、经验分析、比较研究"为研究路径,以研究问题和对象为导向来选择适合的研究方法,在研究设计中结合定性、定量、质性比较研究的优势,构建具有解释力的理论范式。

From the perspective of comparative politics, quantitative research method has made outstanding contributions to the development of discipline, and promote the whole discipline toward scientific development, with the paradigm of methodology following the path of "Mill’s Five Canons-Quantitative research-Multiple methodology", as well as the theoretical paradigm following the path of "State-centrism-Structural Functionalism-Neoinstitutionalism-Multiple theory". However, the limitations of quantitative research methods have hindered their further development. In order to solve the problems of the authenticity of statistical data, academic independence, research issues of interpretation, researchers need to aim "explain political phenomena" as research purposes, make "positivism, empirical analysis, comparative study" as research path, and base onthe research problem and object to choose appropriate methods, combine the advantages of qualitative/quantitative and qualitative comparison method, and build a theoretical paradigm with explanatory power.