2004-2017年武汉市病毒性肝炎流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological features of viral hepatitis in Wuhan city in 2004-2017

目的分析武汉市病毒性肝炎流行病学特征及规律,为制定防控措施提供依据。方法运用描述性流行病学方法对2004-2017年武汉市病毒性肝炎疫情数据进行分析,不同地区、性别等分布差异采用χ~2检验,探讨影响武汉市病毒性肝炎流行病学特征的相关因素。结果 2004-2017年武汉市累计报告病毒性肝炎病例数124 415例,年均发病率98.76/10万,总体呈下降趋势。乙肝报告病例数最多,占71.68%,其次为丙肝,占14.70%。年均报告发病率前三位的地区均为中心城区(χ~2=9 510.51,P<0.05),男性发病率(年平均发病率130.52/10万)高于女性(年平均发病率65.08/10万)(χ~2=13 662.96,P<0.05)。乙肝发病率最高峰在50～岁年龄组,甲肝、乙肝、丙肝、戊肝及未分型肝炎的报告发病率均随年龄增加而增加(甲肝:χ~2=583.05,P<0.05;乙肝:χ~2=12 774.17,P<0.05;丙肝:χ~2=10 076.97,P<0.05;戊肝:χ~2=4 350.77,P<0.05;未分型肝炎:χ~2=1 548.14,P<0.05)。职业以家政、家务及待业、离退休人员及农民为主。结论武汉市病毒性肝炎的报告发病率虽然呈下降趋势,但在传染病报告发病中仍占重要位置,其防治应以乙肝为重点。在做好免疫预防工作的基础上,应针对性地加强重点地区重点人群的防控工作。

Objective To understand the epidemiological features of viral hepatitis from 2004 to 2017in Wuhan,and to provide scientific evidences for disease control and prevention. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis method was used to analyze the epidemic characteristics of viral hepatitis,chi-square test was adopted to analyze the differences of disease geographical and gender distributions. Results A total of124 415 viral hepatitis cases were reported from 2004 to 2017in Wuhan with the annual incidence of 98.76/100 000.Majority of cases were hepatitis B,accounting for 71.68%,followed by hepatitis C,accounting for14.70%.The top three areas with high incidence were all located in central urban(χ^2=9 510.51,P<0.05).There were more male cases than females(χ^2=13 662.96,P<0.05).The highest incidence of hepatitis B was among individuals in 50-60 age group,while the incidences of hepatitis A,C,E,and unclassified hepatitis were all increasing with age(P<0.05).Most cases were unemployed persons,retirees or famers. Conclusions Although the reported incidence of viral hepatitis in Wuhan is decreasing,viral hepatitis cases are still common in the region,especially those with hepatitis B.On the basis of immune prevention,prevention and control of key population in key areas should be strenghtened.