微震监测技术在矿井水害防治中的研究进展

Study Progress for Microseism Monitoring Technique on the Predication and Control in Mine Water Disaster

微震监测技术在矿井水害防治和预测预报中,已成为不可或缺的一种技术手段,对于确保矿山安全生产发挥了重要作用。微震监测技术作为一种间接、无损、实时、连续的地球物理方法,已经被写入《煤矿防治水细则》(2018版)。首先阐述了微震监测技术在矿井水害防治中的应用原理;然后讨论了微震探查地下水强径流带、导水通道(裂隙、断层和陷落柱)、突水通道、浆液扩散过程和采空区未知水体突水的可行性及预测预报规律,通过将人工扰动(如井下钻孔放水、注浆、采掘等)过程中产生的微震事件与音频电透视、瞬变电磁、应力场、瓦斯监测、钻屑量、声电磁、渗流、岩石损伤等场理论进行多场耦合分析和相互验证,分析了对矿井水害进行主动监测和预测预报的可行性;最后对现阶段微震监测技术在矿井水害防治方面的优势和局限性进行了分析,认为科学布置监测网络,优化定位算法,准确分析煤、岩、水活动规律,实现多场耦合,研究煤岩体微震活动性前兆规律,是微震监测技术在矿井水害防治领域的应用研究趋势。

Microseism monitoring technique in predication and control on mine water disaster has become an indispensable technical means,and it plays an important role in mine safety production.Microseism monitoring technique is the geophysics method characterized by indirect,nondestructive,real-time and continual,it has been included in Detailed Rules and Regulations for Control in Coal Mine Water(2018 edition).Firstly,application principal of microseism monitoring technique for mine water disaster is analyzed;then,the feasibility and prediction regularity of the detection of groundwater runoff zones,water passages(fissure,fault and collapse column),water bursting channel,grout diffusion and goaf unknown water inrush by using microseism monitoring technique is discussed,besides that,the feasibility of monitoring and predicting mine water disaster actively is analyzed based on the multi-field coupling analysis and mutual verification by the combination of microseismic events produced in the process of artificial disturbance(such as underground drilling water,grouting,mining and so on)and the field theories(such as audio frequency electric perspective,transient electromagnetic,stress field,gas monitoring,drilling cutting,acoustic electromagnetic,seepage,rock damage,etc)is analyzed;finally,the advantages and disadvantages of microseism monitoring technique in the application of prediction and control of mine water disaster are summarized,and according to the current study results,the development tendency of the technique is studied.The results show that the main application and study of microseism monitoring technique in prediction and control in mine water disaster can be summarized as scientific arrangement of monitoring network,optimization for positioning algorithm,reliable analysis of the activity regularities of coal,rock mass and water,implementation of multi-field coupling analysis and study of the precursor regularity of microseismic activity of coal and rock mass.