试论春秋时期的会盟政治与盟书书写

On the Alliance Politics and Alliance Writing in the Spring and Autumn Period

春秋时期是中国古代盟书书写最为兴盛的时期,这种兴盛直接导源于春秋时期活跃的会盟政治。盟的不同类型决定了盟书的性质差异。春秋盟书一般同时具有仪式性和政务性,"私盟"载书还具有个人性。春秋盟书在书写者、书写方式、书写对象以及物质载体等方面都有一定的特殊性。春秋盟书的书写策略体现在与盟成员排序、盟约内容、诅辞等多个书写环节,从侧面反映了春秋时期政治利益的争夺方式、泛政教性书写的影响以及神灵信仰的演变。

The Spring and Autumn Period is the most prosperous historical era of alliance writing in ancient China, which is a direct outcome of the active alliance politics in that time. The variety of alliances determines the difference of alliance writing. Generally speaking, the feature of the alliance writing in the Spring and Autumn Period is both ritual and administrative, while the "private alliance" writing is also individual and personal, with highly distinctive styles, objects and media of writing, and peculiar qualities of writers. The writing strategies are embodied in the ranking of alliance members, the content of covenants, the curses, and so on. They reflect the way of contending for political interests, the influence of pan-political and religious education, and the evolution of the worship of deities in the Spring and Autumn period.