都江堰渠首出土石人相关问题探讨

Discussion on the Stone Human Statues Unearthed at the Canal Headworks of Dujiangyan

都江堰渠首历年来共计发现5尊石人立像,均属东汉晚期。李冰石像为公元168年所造,持锸石人像可能和其年代相近,其余三尊无头石人像可能和建安四年碑的年代(公元199年)相距不远。李冰石像与持锸石人像较为写实,似有刻画蓝本,或为"三神石人"的一部分,其他三尊无人头像不需非要有特定的写实对象,更趋向一种态度的表达,当非"三神石人"。文章从五尊石人及其相关出土文物的整体视角对都江堰渠首出土石人进行综合研究,认为此五尊石像均与测量水位无关,应为地面建筑中的立人像。

Five stone statues of human figures, dating to the late Eastern Han Dynasty, have been found at the canal headworks of Dujiangyan irrigation system in the past years. The statue of Li Bing was completed in 168 A.D., and the stone man holding a spade was probably made in the same. These two statues stand as vividly as life, most likely to be created based on the blueprints or target objects, arguably as a partial depiction of the "Statues of Three Deities". However, the other three headless stone statues, estimated to be carved around 199 AD., appear to be the depiction of unnecessarily specific realistic objects. Instead of being the "Statues of Three Deities", these three pieces highlight their attitude expression. This paper provides a comprehensive insight into the relevant issues of the stone human statues unearthed at the canal headworks of Dujiangyan, from the overall perspectives of the archaeological discovery. It suggests that these five statues were standing figures in the ground buildings, unrelated to water level measurement.