里耶秦简量词研究

A Study on Quantifier and Grammaticalization in Liye Qinjian( 里耶秦简 )

已公布里耶秦简共有量词45个,其生命力强,多数沿用至今,为汉语量词系统奠定了基础;部分量词在发展中消亡了,甚至传世文献罕见,也值得深入考证。通过对里耶秦简量词的分类考察,可以发现秦代名量词系统初步建立,典型的动量词仍未产生;数量表示法中“数+量”和“名+数+量”结构使用频率高,使用量词的数量表示法已经开始占据优势地位,反映了秦代名量词的语法化已经获得了相当程度的发展。此外,里耶秦简所见量词往往可以修正此前学界认识,并为权威辞书的编纂修订提供崭新材料。

It has been announced that there are 45 quantifiers in Liye Qinjian,whose vitality is strong.Most of them have been used till today,winch lays the foundation for the Chinese quantifier system.Some quantifiers have died out in the development,and even the handed-down documents are rare and worthy of further textual research.Through classifying and inspecting the quantifiers ofLiye Qinjian,it can be found that the noun quantifier system of Qin dynasty is preliminarily established,but the typical verb quantifier is still not generated;the structure of "number +quantity"and "noun +number +quantity"in quantity representation is used frequently,and the quantity representation of quantifiers has already begun to occupy a dominant position,which reflects grammaticalization of noun quantifier in the Qin dynasty has obtained a considerable degree of development.In addition,the quantifiers ofLiye Qinjian can often revise the previous academic knowledge and provide new materials for the revision of authoritative dictionaries.