从与日本的合作关系看沙特阿拉伯投资立国的经济改革

A Study of Constructing Nation via Investment Strategy in Saudi Arabia's Economic Reform from the Cooperative Relations with Japan

沙特阿拉伯近年来为了摆脱依赖石油出口的单一经济结构,由穆罕默德新王储主导经济改革,提出"2030愿景"主张"投资立国"的改革理念。处于改革核心地位的公共基金PIF不断加大资金投入,成为世界资金规模最大的主权财富基金。沙特是日本最大的原油供应国,上个世纪50年代开始日沙两国就已经建立了经济合作关系。日本在沙特的投资从石油业及石油相关基础设施建设为中心,逐渐转移到石化及非石油领域的贵金属等产业领域。2017年3月,日沙两国以经济合作为核心的"日本沙特愿景2030"达成了协议,开始了新一轮经济合作和技术援助的高潮。日本软银集团与沙特政府也在投资领域展开合作,PIF为软银愿景基金SVF连续注入巨额资金,成为该基金最大投资方。日本以"官·民"结合的方式,在工业及高科技投资领域与沙特展开全面的经济合作。沙特是"一带一路"的关键性支点国家,全面认识"2030愿景"下的沙特经济的战略转型以及对外经济合作动向能够为中沙两国经济合作起到一定的借鉴作用。

In recent years,in order to get rid of the single economic structure dependent on oil exports,the Saudi Arabia economy reform led by the new crown prince Mohammed put forward the"2030 vision"and advocate the reform concept of"Constructing nation via investment strategy".The public fund PIF,as the core of the reform,has been increasing its investment to become the world’s largest sovereign wealth fund.As Japan’s largest supplier of crude oil,Saudi Arabia and Japan have established economic cooperation since the 1950 s.Japan’s investment in Saudi Arabia has gradually shifted from the oil industry and oil-related infrastructure construction to the petrochemical and non-oil sectors,such as precious metals.On March 2017,Japan and Saudi Arabia agreed on the"Japan-Saudi vision 2030"centered on economic cooperation,starting a new round of economic cooperation and technical assistance.Japan’s Softbank group is also working with the Saudi government on the investment front,and PIF has becoming the largest investor in Softbank’s vision fund SVF by injecting huge capital continuously.Japan conducts comprehensive economic cooperation with Saudi Arabia in the field of industrial and high-tech investment through the combination of"official and civilian".As a key fulcrum country of"The Belt and Road"initiative,a comprehensive understanding of the strategic transformation of Saudi economy and the trend of foreign economic cooperation in the context of the 2030 vision can serve as a reference for the economic cooperation between China and Saudi Arabia.