新时期体育社团参与体育治理:困境与实现路径

Dilemma and Realization Path of Sports Associations Participating in Sports Governance in the New Period

体育社团参与体育治理对新时期体育发展改革有着重要的价值和意义。我国体育社团在参与体育治理中面临着多种多样的问题,例如体育多元治理运行机制不够完善、体育社团存在同构、虚化、边缘化等现象、治理的主体由单一向多元化过渡衔接不畅、体育社团资源竞争不平等等问题。治理主体的多元化、决策的协商机制、资源的共享、民众意愿的柔性表达均会影响体育的变革。基于此,主要采用调查法和专家访谈法等研究方法进行研究,认为:理想的治理状态、合理的运行机制和保障机制是体育社团参与体育治理的最有效实现途径;而实现体育治理的关键,是构建政府与体育社团间"共建、共治、共享"的双向互动治理模式;体育社团的脱钩、实体化是决定其是否能够有效参与体育治理过程的主要因素;体育社团的独立、自治、法治化和规范化,是其成为体育治理中完全主体的重要条件;体育治理的最终实现,还需要转变政府"办体育"的观念,进一步制定和完善体育社团与政府关系的顶层设计、完成制度化赋权、构建多元主体的协商制度。

The participation of sports associations in sports governance has important value and significance for the development and reform of sports in the new period. Sports associations in China are facing various problems in participating in sports governance,such as the inadequate operational mechanism of sports multistakeholder governance,the isomorphism,ambiguity and marginalization of different kinds of sport organizations,the poor transition from single to pluralistic entities for governance,and the unequal allocation of resources. The diversification of governance subjects,consultation mechanism of decision-making,sharing of resources and expression of people’s will all affect the reform of sports. Thus,this study analyzed the governance by the methods of investigation and expert interview,and found that: ideal governance state,reasonable operation mechanism and guarantee mechanism are the most effective ways for sports associations to participate in sports governance. The key to realize sports governance is to construct a two-way interactive governance model of "co-construction,co-governance and sharing"between the government and sports associations. Decoupling and materialization of sports associations are the main factors that determine whether they can effectively participate in the process of sports governance. The independence,autonomy,legalization and standardization are the important conditions for sports associations to become the complete subject in sports governance. The ultimate realization of sports governance also needs to change the government’s concept of"running sports",further formulate and improve the top-level design of the relationship between sports associations and the government,complete the institutionalized empowerment,and build a multi-subject consultation system.