18 d亚高原训练对花样滑冰运动员生理机能及运动表现的影响

Effect of 18 Days Sub-altitude Training on Physiological Function and Sports Performance of Figure Skaters

目的:探讨18 d亚高原训练对花样滑冰运动员生理机能及运动表现的影响。方法:以10名花样滑冰国家青年队运动员为研究对象,在海拔1 650 m的新疆冰上运动中心进行18 d的亚高原训练。在亚高原训练期间,监测运动员每日晨脉、血氧饱和度的变化情况;在亚高原训练前、后,分别测定分析运动员运动机能的变化,测试指标包括血液生化指标、有氧运动能力(YOYO测试)、专项运动能力(冰上专项测试)。采用重复测量方差分析、配对T检验及效应量来进行统计学分析。结果:1)亚高原训练期间,花样滑冰运动员的晨脉在第2天和第3天达到最高值,随后出现下降趋势;血氧饱和度逐渐升高,从第9天开始达到并维持在97%以上。2)花样滑冰运动员在亚高原训练期间红细胞压积明显增加,其他血细胞参数与血液学指标无明显差异。3) 18 d的亚高原训练,提高了花样滑冰运动员的有氧运动能力,表现为YOYO测试的完成级数和跑动总距离增加、冰上专项测试难度提高的情况下,运动中平均心率、运动后即刻心率、运动后即刻乳酸水平保持不变。结论:1)花样滑冰运动员在18 d亚高原训练期间,晨脉逐渐降低,血氧饱和度逐渐升高,在生理机能上对亚高原环境下的训练产生适应。2) 18 d的亚高原训练后,花样滑冰运动员的有氧运动能力有了一定的提高,专项运动能力有改善的趋势。

Objective: To figure out the effect of 18 days altitude training on physiological function and sports performance of figure skaters. Methods: Ten figure skaters of the national youth team completed 18-day sub-altitude training in Xinjiang Ice Sports Center at the altitude of 1 650 m. During the sub-altitude training,skaters’ morning heart rate (HR) and SpO2 were tested every day;their exercise ability was measured before,during and after 18 days sub-altitude training,the indexes include blood biochemical indexes,aerobic capacity (YOYO test) and specific abilities (specific test). Statistical analysis was performed by repeated measures ANOVA and paired T test. Results: 1) During the sub-altitude training period,the morning HR of figure skaters reached the highest on the 2nd and 3rd days,and then it decreased. The level of SpO2 gradually increased,and kept above 97% after the 9 th day. 2) During the sub-altitude training period,athletes’ HTC increased significantly,but other blood indicators didn’t change. 3) After the sub-altitude training,athletes’ aerobic ability was improved,they finished more steps and longer distance in YOYO test. The average HR,the HR immediately after exercise and the lactic acid level immediately after exercise remained unchanged when the difficulty of special ice test increased. Conclusions: 1) During 18 days sub-altitude training period,skaters’ morning HR gradually decreased,SpO2 increased,which indicated that the figure skaters were adapted to the sub-altitude training environment. 2) After 18 days sub-altitude training,the aerobic ability of figure skaters has been improved to a certain extent,and the specific ability has a tendency to improve.