2013-2017年北京市东城区北新桥街道体弱儿检出率及其影响因素分析

Analysis on the detection rate and influencing factors of the frail children in Beixinqiao Street in Dongcheng District of Beijing from 2013 to 2017

目的体弱儿是指先天不足或后天反复疾病困扰而使生长明显受到影响的儿童,本研究以北京市东城区北新桥街道儿童为样本,分析辖区内体弱儿的健康现状及其影响因素,为体弱儿规范和系统化管理提供科学依据。方法选取2013-01-15-2017-12-31辖区内0～6岁2 878名儿童为研究对象,采用χ2统计分析不同分娩方式、性别和户籍差异是否有统计学意义。结果共检出体弱儿557例(19.35%),其中肥胖355例(12.30%)占比最高,其次为早产儿134例(4.70%)和低出生体质量儿116例(4.00%)。剖宫产体弱儿检出率为26.71%,顺产体弱儿检出率为14.92%,差异有统计学意义,χ2=59.36,P=0.001;不同性别和户籍体弱儿检出率差异无统计学意义,均P>0.05。剖宫产与顺产婴儿肥胖检出率分别为15.71%和10.30%,先天性心脏病检出率分别为2.03%和0.45%,早产儿检出率分别为7.95%和2.67%,低出生体质量儿检出率分别为6.75%和2.39%,差异均有统计学意义,均P<0.001;贫血和营养不良检出率差异无统计学意义,均P>0.05。结论目前所在辖区体弱儿中肥胖占比最高,顺产体弱儿检出率低于剖宫产。为提高新生儿健康质量,减少体弱儿出生率,应加强科学营养膳食指导及自然分娩的健康宣教和围生期保健工作。

OBJECTIVE The frail children refer to children whose growth is obviously affected by congenital deficiency or acquired disease.To provide a scientific basis for the standardized and systematic management of frail children,we analyzed the health status and influencing factors of frail children in Beixinqiao Street,Dongcheng District,Beijing.METHODS A total of 2 878 children aged 0-6years in the jurisdiction from January 15,2013 to December 31,2017 were selected.Based on the SPSS tool,chi-square statistics was used to analyze whether the difference in delivery mode,gender and household registration is statistically significant.RESULTS A total of 557cases(19.35%)were found,including obese children 355cases(12.30%),which was the highest proportion,and the second was premature infants 134cases(4.70%),and the third was low birth weight infants 116cases(4.00%).The detection rate of frail children in caesarean section infant was 26.71%,and that in natural childbirth was 14.92%,the difference was statistically significant(χ^2=59.36,P=0.001).There was no significant difference in gender and household registration(all P>0.05).Comparing the cesarean section group with the natural birth group,the detection rates of obesity,congenital heart disease,premature infants and infants with low body mass were 15.71%vs 0.30%,2.03%vs 0.45%,7.95%vs 2.67%and 6.75%vs2.39%,respectively.The differences were statistically significant,all P<0.001.There was no statistically significant difference in the detection rate of anemia and malnutrition,both P>0.05.CONCLUSIONS At present,the obesity of the frail children in the jurisdiction is the highest,and the detection rate of the frail children through natural childbirth is lower than that of cesarean section.In order to improve the quality of newborns and reduce the birth rate of the frail children,it is necessary to strengthen the health education of scientific nutrition,dietary guidance and the natural childbirth,also to improve the perinatal health care.