美国基础教育改革的公平演进及现实反思——基于二战后联邦教育政策的考察

The Fair Evolution and Realistic Reflections of American Basic Education Reform——Based on the Federal Education Policy after World War Ⅱ

作为民主政治演进的主流理念,教育公平一直都是战后美国基础教育改革的重要线索。基于教育改革的不断深入,联邦政府、各州和地区以及学校都致力于实现基础教育领域的公平演进,颁布了《初等和中等教育法案》、《不让一个孩子掉队法》、《每个孩子成功法》等联邦法案。同时,在不同时期形成了具有时代意义的教育公平观,为基础教育的公平演进提供了法律与政策层面的依托。它们既充实了教育公平的具体内涵,也为公平理念的深化提供了现实可能性。

As the mainstream concept of the evolution of democratic politics, educational fairness has always been an important clue to the reform of basic education in the United States after World War Ⅱ. Based on the continuous deepening of education reform, the federal government, states and regions, and schools are committed to achieving a fair evolution in the field of basic education. They have enacted the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, No Child Left Behind Act, Every Student Succeeds Act, and other federal bills. At the same time, the educational fairness concept with the significance of the times has been formed in different periods, which provides legal and policy support for the fair evolution of basic education. They not only enrich the specific connotation of educational fairness, but also provide realistic possibilities for the deepening of the concept of fairness.