中国学生考试焦虑的发展趋势——纵向分析与横向验证

The Development of Test Anxiety in Chinese Students

目的:考查中国学生考试焦虑的发展趋势。方法:首先采用横断历史元分析从宏观角度考查近15年中国学生的考试焦虑水平随年代增长而变化的趋势;随后采用问卷调查法从个体角度考查考试焦虑随个体成长而发展变化的特点。结果:(1)大学生的考试焦虑水平随着年代增加而升高,而初高中学生的高考试焦虑发生率15年来居高不下,稳定地保持在30%左右;(2)高考试焦虑分布存在显著的年级差异和地区差异,初高中学生的高考试焦虑发生率显著高于大学生,在区域上呈西部>中部>东部的阶梯分布;(3)小学四年级至高二年级学生群体中,年级可正向预测考试焦虑水平,这种预测作用在低考试焦虑学生中更为显著;(4)初一年级可能是学生考试焦虑发展的关键期。结论:建议加强中小学生的考试焦虑预防工作,并加快研究切实有效的减负措施和干预方法。

Objective: To explore the chang of Chinese student’s test anxiety.Methods:Using the cross-temporal meta-analysis, the present study examined the change of Chinese students’ test anxiety(TA) in the past 15 years(2001~2015).32021 samples of Chinese students were included in the data. Then we conducted questionnaire survey on 788 students from 2 primary schools, 2 middle schools and 2 high schools to examine the results we found from previous meta-analysis.Results: ①Test anxiety of Chinese college students had been improving gradually over the past 15 years, the detection rate of high test anxiety(HTA) increased 13.2% from 2001 to 2015, but the detection rate in middle and high school students stayed around 30%.②The distribution of HTA detection rate showed significant differences on both grade and region. The HTA detection rate of middle and high school students was significantly higher than college students, in the meantime, the HTA detection rate decreased from western China to the east geographically. ③Grade was a positive predictor of test anxiety in primary and middle school students and it played a much more significant role in low test anxiety students. ④The first year in middle school was crucial for the development of students ’ test anxiety. Conclusion: Understanding TA’s development trend and its critical period provides better a reference for future ’s intervention.