父母与同伴因素对青少年槟榔嚼食行为的影响

Effect of Parental and Peers' Factors on Adolescent Areca Quid Chewing Behavior

目的:探讨父母与同伴因素对青少年槟榔嚼食行为的影响机制。方法:采用问卷法对1150名湘潭市中小学生的槟榔嚼食行为、父母和同伴的嚼食行为与态度、嚼食结果预期、拒嚼效能感进行调查。结果:(1)"现在嚼食者"占总人数的39.8%;男生中"现在嚼食者"比率高于女生(54.8%vs. 26.2%);从小学→初中→高中,"现在嚼食者"比率上升(31.8%vs. 40.8%vs. 49.7%);(2)父母、同伴的嚼食行为及态度对上月槟榔嚼食量均有正向预测效应,嚼食结果预期、拒嚼效能感在其间起完全中介作用;(3)同伴的嚼食行为及态度对相关变量的预测作用均超过父母的嚼食行为与态度的影响,但差异均不显著。结论:父母与同伴因素通过提升嚼食结果预期和降低拒嚼效能感进而对青少年槟榔嚼食行为产生影响。

Objective: To explore the effect of parental and peers’ factors on areca quid chewing behavior in primary and middle school students. Methods: A sample of 1150 adolescents was recruited from two primary schools and two middle schools in Xiangtan to report their areca quid chewing behavior, areca quid outcome expectancy, areca quid refusal selfefficacy, and parental and peers’ areca quid use and attitudes. Results: ①39.8% of the surveyed students chewed areca quid last month, with the chewing prevalence varying from boys(54.8%) to girls(26.2%), and from elementary school students(31.8%) to junior high school students(40.8%) to senior high school students(49.7%). ②After controlling for gender and age, parental and peers’ areca quid use and attitudes positively predicted the adolescents’ use of areca quid fully via both outcome expectancies and refusal self-efficacy.③The coefficient of peers’ areca quid use and attitudes on adolescents’ use of areca quid, outcome expectancies and refusal self-efficacy were not significantly different from those of parents. Conclusion: The effect of parental and peer factors on adolescent areca quid chewing behavior are fully mediated by areca quid outcome expectancy and refusal self-efficacy.