124例支气管哮喘患儿哮喘控制家庭干预情况分析

Family Intervention in Asthma Control of 124 Children Patients With Bronchial Asthma

目的探讨成都儿童专科医院124例支气管哮喘儿童哮喘控制及家庭干预情况。方法选取2015-08/2017-03该院出院后的124例支气管哮喘儿童作为研究对象,随机分为观察组与对照组,各62例,观察组采用以家庭为中心的模式,医护及家长密切配合,积极参与治疗并定期追踪随访,对照组正常就诊随访,1年后观察两组患儿哮喘控制情况及其家庭干预效果。结果 (1)观察组完全控制率为45. 16%,高于对照组的25. 81%(P <0. 05);(2)观察组因哮喘加重住院、因哮喘加重急诊、因哮喘加重请假误课等均低于对照组(P <0. 05),平均住院天数、平均急诊次数低于观察组(P <0. 05),两组的平均误课次数差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05);(3)观察组坚持门诊随访、规律正确用药、参加哮喘防治讲座构成比依次是96. 6%、96. 6%和67. 2%,均高于对照组54. 5%、56. 4%和14. 5%(P <0. 05);(4)观察组家庭哮喘相关知识评分(34. 1±5. 4)分,采取干预措施评分(51. 5±8. 4)分,均高于对照组(32. 3±6. 2)分、(48. 3±7. 5)分(P <0. 05)。结论支气管喘儿童在予以家庭干预后哮喘控制效果明显,提高了家长对治疗的依从性,同时也提高了家长哮喘相关理论知识及干预能力,增强了自我护理能力。

Objective To investigate the asthma control and family intervention of 124 children patients with bronchial asthma in our hospital. Methods One hundred and twenty four children with bronchial asthma from August 2015 to March 2017 after discharge from the hospital were selected as study subjects and were randomized into an observation group and a control group,with 62 children in each group. In the observation group,a family-centered model was used,where doctors,nurses and parents worked closely together to actively participate in the treatment and follow up regularly. In the control group,follow-up visits were paid as usual. One year later,the asthma control and the family intervention effects were observed in the two groups.Results The complete control rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group( 45. 16% vs 25. 81%)( P < 0. 05). The hospitalization days,emergency times and course delays due to aggravated asthma symptoms in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,and the average hospital stay and average emergency visits were lower than those in the observation group( P < 0. 05),and there was no significant difference in the average number of course delays between the two groups( P >0. 05). The constituent ratios of consistent outpatient follow-up,regular drug use and participation in asthma control talks were 96. 6%,96. 6% and 67. 2% in the observation group and significantly higher than those in control group( 54. 5%,56. 4% and 14. 5%)( P < 0. 05). The scores of asthma related knowledge and intervention measures in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group [( 34. 1± 5. 4) points and( 51. 5 ± 8. 4) points vs( 32. 3 ± 6. 2) points and( 48. 3 ± 7. 5) points]( P < 0. 05).Conclusion Asthma control effects of children with bronchial asthma are obvious after family intervention,and they improve the treatment compliance of families,and also promote the asthma-related theoretical knowledge and intervention ability of families,and enhance self-care ability.