2011-2017年上海市金山区部分公共场所相关人员控烟认知情况调查

Investigation and Analysis of Tobacco Cognition Status Among Public Places Related Population From 2011 to 2017 in Jinshan District of Shanghai

目的了解上海市金山区公共场所相关人员控烟认知情况,为开展公共场所控烟工作提供依据。方法 2011-2017年每年抽取金山区学校、卫生机构、餐饮场所、互联网场所、娱乐场所和星级酒店等6种类型公共场所共69家,每家公共场所选择1名管理者、10名员工及10名拦截人员进行问卷调查,人数不满的,则按最大人数进行调查。结果 2011-2017年调查对象总体控烟知识知晓率为64. 93%,其中2011至2017年知晓率分别为66. 56%、65. 57%、71. 72%、62. 19%、63. 99%、61. 35%和63. 12%,2013年最高,2016年最低。经检验,除2012年外,不同年度不同场所人员知晓率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=168. 147,P <0. 01;χ~2=24. 430,P <0. 01;χ~2=35. 662,P <0. 01;χ~2=26. 978,P <0. 01;χ~2=21. 821,P=0. 01;χ~2=20. 401,P=0. 001)。"被动吸烟不比主动吸烟对健康危害小"、"过滤嘴不可降低吸烟的危害"、"吸烟可导致中风"、"每个人都有享受无烟环境的权利"知晓率分别为29. 16%、53. 89%、83. 62%和93. 05%。《上海市公共场所控制吸烟条例》(以下简称条例)知晓率和支持率分别为81. 45%和78. 64%,2011-2016年《条例》知晓率呈下降趋势,2017年《条例》修正案后,《条例》的知晓率和支持公共场所全面禁烟比例大幅度提升,达到96. 47%和91. 44%。不同年份、性别、吸烟情况、场所人员《条例》知晓率和支持公共场所全面禁烟比例差别有统计学意义,其中女性、30～49岁组、非吸烟者、学校人员《条例》知晓率更高,女性、非吸烟者更加支持公共场所全面禁烟。结论公共场所相关人员烟草危害知晓率低,室内公共场所全面禁烟支持率高,应加强公共场所烟草危害宣传教育工作,保护非吸烟者免受二手烟危害。

Objective To understand the tobacco cognition status of the related population in public places in Jinshan district,to provide the basis for carrying out public places tobacco control. Methods Every year from schools,health institutions,catering establishments,internet services,entertainment venues,starred hotels,selected 69 institutions in Jinshan district from 2011 to 2017 to carry out this investigation. Each institution there were 10 employees,10 intercepted person and one manager investigated by questionnaire. If the number of participants is insufficient,the survey would be conducted according to the maximum number of participants.Results The overall awareness rate of tobacco knowledge among participants in 2011-2017 was 64. 93%,of which the awareness rate in each year was 66. 56%,65. 57%,71. 72%,62. 19%,63. 99%,61. 35% and 63. 12%,respectively. The awareness rate was highest in 2013 and lowest in 2016. Except for the year 2012,there were statistical differences in the awareness rate of tobacco in different years at different places( χ^2= 168. 147,P <0. 01;χ^2= 24. 430,P < 0. 01;χ^2= 35. 662,P < 0. 01;χ^2= 26. 978,P < 0. 01;χ^2= 21. 821,P = 0. 01;χ^2= 20. 401,P = 0. 01). The investigation included " passive smoking is no less harmful to health than active smoking", " filters would not reduce the harm of smoking ", " smoking can lead to stroke", " everyone is entitled to the right to a smoke-free environment",with awareness rates of 29. 16%,53. 89%,83. 62% and93. 05%,respectively. The awareness rate and the support rate for the Regulations on Smoking Control in Public Places in Shanghai were 81. 45% and 78. 64%. From 2011 to 2016,the awareness rate of the regulations were declining. After the amendment of the regulations in 2017, the awareness rate of the regulations and the support for carpet smoking ban in public places had been risen sharply,reaching at 96. 47%and 91. 44%,respectively. There were significant differences in the awareness rate of the regulations and the support rate of carpet smoking ban in public places in different years,sex and smoking status. Women,30 to49-year-old group,non-smokers and school personnel showed higher awareness of the regulations. Women and non-smokers are more supportive of smoking ban in public places. Conclusion The awareness rate of tobacco hazard in public places was low,and the support for smoking bans in indoor and public places was high. The publicity and education of tobacco harm in public places should be strengthened to protect non-smokers from the harm of second-hand smoke.