新结构政治学的传统文化之源——一种基于《周易》的分析框架

The Origin of Traditional Culture in New Structural Political Science——An Analytical Framework Based on Zhouyi

西方政治学在解释中国国家治理的成功方面有着明显的理论困境。新结构政治学是立足中国经验,运用马克思主义分析方法,结合中国优秀传统文化提出的一种新的分析框架。新结构政治学主要由系统、动力、行动者与过程四个维度的内容构成,总体希望表达如下观念:时间系统和空间系统为行动者提供了重要的情境性知识,而效率与公平、集权与分权之间的平衡则是行动者需要掌握的普遍性知识,行动者要将情境性知识与普遍性知识相结合,并且在具体过程中根据趋势顺势而为。这样的结构思想源自于《周易》。从系统来看,《周易》通过情境构造和情境迁移的方式来对知识进行总结和应用。从动力来看,阴阳相异、阴阳相济、阴阳转化、阴阳平衡是《周易》阴阳思想的重要概括。从过程来看,《周易》强调对趋势和位置的认知,并通过实践来把握行动者在趋势中的位置变化。从行动者来看,《周易》揭示出一种先进行动者与后进行动者良性互动的结构。《周易》的结构观是一个完整的、复杂的结构观,它体现为情境性、平衡性、动态性和多元性等特征,对构建中国本土的政治学理论有重要的意义。通过这种知识构建,新结构政治学或许可以为世界的发展进步贡献中国智慧和中国方案。

Western political science has obvious theoretical dilemmas in explaining the success of Chinese state governance.New structural politics is a new analytical framework based on Chinese experience,using Marxist analytical methods and combining excellent Chinese traditional culture.The new structural politics is mainly composed of four dimensions:system,motivation,actor and process.The overall hope is to express the following concepts:time system and space system provide important situational knowledge for actors,while efficiency and fairness,centralization and the balance between decentralization is the universal knowledge that actors need to master.Actors should combine situational knowledge with universal knowledge and follow the trend in a specific process.This structural idea is derived from Zhouyi.From the perspective of the system,Zhouyi summarizes and applies knowledge through the way of context construction and situational migration.From the perspective of motivation,the difference of yin and yang,the combination of yin and yang,the conversion of yin and yang,and the balance between yin and yang are important summaries of the yin and yang thoughts of Zhouyi.From the process point of view,Zhouyi emphasizes the perception of trends and positions,and through practice to grasp the position of the actors in the trend.From the perspective of actors,Zhouyi reveals a structure in which benign interactions between advanced actors and post-movers.The structural view of Zhouyi is a complete and complex structural view.It is embodied in the characteristics of situationality,balance,dynamics and pluralism,and is of great significance for the construction of Chinese political theory.Through this knowledge building,new structural politics may contribute to China’s wisdom and China’s programs for the world.