美国大学生学习成果评估的内容范畴与测量工具论析

Student Learning Outcomes Evaluation in American Universities and Colleges:Content Domains and Measurement Tools

随着高等教育进入后大众化时代,美国社会对优质教育的诉求日益强烈,高等教育进入关注大学生学习成果评估的质量保障时代。基于大学生学习成果的情境差异性、动态性、内涵丰富性等特点,美国高等教育强调其评估需要依据通识教育学习项目课程、专业课程知识技能以及大学生的就读经验与效果等不同范畴与内容,动态选择与使用不同的测量评估工具。美国大学生学习成果评估在高等教育价值更新、社会发展对评估内容的客观诉求、不同测量工具对地区适应性要求与网络教学对测量工具的选择等方面还面临着挑战。

In the current post-massification era,higher education institutions in the U.S.,in response to the rising demand from key stakeholders (esp.parents,communities and employers),are paying more and more attention to the quality of their teaching and student learning outcomes.When evaluating learning outcomes,American universities and colleges will choose proper measurement tools for different content domains,including general education courses,major-oriented courses,students'college experiences and learning outcomes,etc.Nevertheless,college student learning outcomes evaluation in the U.S.still need to adapt to both the evolving ideals in higher education and changing societal demands.Besides,it is also necessary to improve the feasibility (or usability)of different measurement tools across multiple geographical locations,and develop robust online assessment applications that incorporate learning analyties.