“位育”视野中的集体记忆与乡土重建——兼评《神堂记忆》

Collective Memory and Rural Reconstruction in the Perspective of "Weiyu" :A Review of The Memories:History, Power and Morality in a Chinese Village

景军所著的《神堂记忆》展示了一个中国基层社区在时代变迁中以"文化记忆"抵抗"官方记忆",以"集体记忆"调和"社会记忆"的文化适应过程。该过程不仅是被动接受和濡化的"记忆团结",还包含主动调适和建构的"事件团结",体现了潘光旦先生提倡的"位育"思想。其主要手段是对民间群体记忆中种种文化符号进行拣选与转化,进而运用为划定族群认同边界的象征资本。本文通过分析重建孔庙、重修族谱和复兴祭奠仪式三个核心环节的乡土重建过程,呈现现代性进程中承载着保障文化绵续性功能的社区"小传统"的消解与再造。

The Temple of Memories: History, Power and Morality in a Chinese Village, written by Jing Jun, shows how adaptation process goes in a rural community of China, which resists "official memory" with "cultural memory" and harmonizes "social memory" with "collective memory". This process is not only the "memory solidarity" which accepted and enculturated passively, but also the "event solidarity" which adjust and construct initiatively. It can be summarized in the term of "Weiyu"(by PAN Guang-dan). The main step of this process is to select and transform various cultural symbols in the memory of the folk groups, and then use them as symbolic capital to demarcate the boundary of ethnic identity. Based on the analysis of the rural reconstruction process in the three core units: family tree,temple and ritual, this paper show the digestion and reconstruction of "little tradition", which played the vital role of ensuring the survival of local culture in the process of modernity.