苗族濒危体育文化遗产镋钯传承的人类学调查

An Anthropological Survey on the Inheritance of Palladium about Hmong Nationality's Endangered Sports Cultural Heritage

基于课题组在川滇黔湘等广大苗区翔实的田野考察,搜集苗族镋钯的档案、口述、实物等史料,运用人类学中的主客位分析法,分析镋钯的传承场域及传承方式。在此基础上,基于苗族镋钯发展的现状,运用格尔茨的文化阐释学对镋钯的濒危进行重新阐释,认为:"闭门修炼"、隐蔽于高山上、活跃于村落民俗和各类武术组织中是苗族镋钯的主要传承场域,通过家族、业缘、社会三种方式传承;除了文化生态变迁之外,缺乏文化自觉和文化自信、乡村社会"礼治"的失效、传承载体的"缺场"是苗族镋钯失传的重要原因。为此,建议从物质、技术、制度、精神四个层面传承苗族镋钯,实现政府、苗族文化精英、苗拳师等多个阶层的利益共谋。

Through detailed field investigation of the research group in Sichuan, Yunnan, GUI-Zhou and other vast areas of the Hmong,to collect Hmong’s Palladium Paste, oral, physical and other historical materials. Then use the of anthropology method oftheme and objective, analysis the field of Palladium’s heritage. Meanwhile, based on the present situation of the development of Hmong’s Palladium,use Geerzi’s cultural hermeneutics to reinterpret the reasons of Palladium’s endangered. Then concluded that the Palladium palladium’s main transmission field of Hmonginclude "Closed practice", hidden in the mountains, active in the village folk and all kinds of organizations of Martial arts, which through the inherit ways of family, industry edge and social. In addition to changes of cultural and ecological, the invalidation of "courtesy" in rural society, Inheritance of the carrier’s "absence", the lack of cultural consciousness and cultural self-confidence are important reasons for the endangered of Hmong’s Palladium. To this end, it is recommended that from levels of material, technical, institutional, spiritual to inherited Hmong’s Palladium, toachieve conspiracy of interests about the government,Hmong cultural elite, Hmong boxer and so on.