植物小RNA在病毒致病过程中的作用研究进展

Research advances in the roles of plant small RNAs during viral pathogenicity

目前,我国正遭受多种外来有害生物的入侵,给我国的农业生产以及生态环境造成了严重影响。其中检疫性植物病毒危害大、隐蔽性强,是重要的外来生物。掌握病毒致病的相关机制是有效防控入侵病毒病害的基础。微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)以及病毒小干扰RNA(small interfering RNA,siRNA)是植物体内重要的非编码小RNA,在病毒致病过程中扮演着重要角色。病毒在侵染过程中,可以利用植物抗病毒免疫反应产生的siRNA进行致病,同时可以直接或间接干扰miRNA的代谢途径,导致相关症状的产生。本文根据植物小RNA的近期研究进展,对miRNA和病毒siRNA的产生途径、生物学特性以及作用分子机制进行了综述,并对其在病毒侵染过程中的作用进行了探讨,初步从小RNA的角度阐述了植物病毒的致病机制,以期为检疫性病毒病害的防控提供理论基础。

At present, China is suffering from a variety of invasive species, which seriously influences the agricultural products and ecological environment. The quarantine plant viruses are the important exotic species, as their damages are great and usually hard to be detected. It is essential to understand the related mechanisms of viral diseases for effectively preventing and controlling plant viruses. The microRNA (miRNA) and viral small interfering RNA (siRNA) are both very important non-encoding small RNAs in plants and play important roles during viral infection. The viruses use the siRNAs that are produced during the plant anti-virus immunity response to induce diseases, and also interfere in the metabolic pathways of miRNAs directly or indirectly. Based on recent research advances in small RNAs in plants, the production pathway, the biological characteristics and the molecular mechanisms of viral siRNAs and miRNAs were summarized, and the roles of small RNAs during viral infection were also discussed, which preliminarily explored the pathogenic mechanisms of plant viruses from the perspectives of plant small RNAs and provided the theoretical basis for the prevention and control of quarantine viruses.