植物检疫性有害生物相关术语梳理及规范

Summary and standardization of terms related to plant quarantine pest

植物检疫术语是进行植物检疫工作交流的前提与基础,对植物检疫工作具有重要意义。本文通过梳理及规范有害生物相关术语及其定义,明确了有害生物与外来物种的相互关系;通过对有害生物风险分析相关术语及其定义进行整理和规范,提出判定植物检疫性有害生物的评估方法,评估过程可结合适生性分析、传播途径、寄主情况及潜在的经济/环境影响等因素,从进入、定殖、扩散可能性及后果评估等方面进行分析。检疫性有害生物与外来入侵物种有一定交集,因此检疫性有害生物的防控对生物入侵防控具有积极作用。而对有害生物和有害生物风险分析相关术语进行规范也为植物检疫性有害生物名单的制修订提供了科学思路。本文提出的定义修改建议及植物检疫性有害生物评估方法较为概括,仅为定义和名单的制修订工作提供参考。

Phytosanitary terms are the premise and basis for plant quarantine communication and are of great significance for phytosanitary work. This paper clarified the interrelationships between alien species and pests by summarizing and standardizing pest-related terms and definitions. The assessment methods for judging plant quarantine pests were proposed by summarizing and standardizing the terms and definitions related to pest risk analysis. The assessment of plant quarantine pests was based on the factors such as potential geographical distribution, routes of transmission, host availability, potential economic/environmental consequences, and performed from the perspectives of entry probability, establishment probability, spread probability and consequence assessment. Quarantine pests and alien invasive species had certain intersections, so the control of quarantine pests had a positive effect on the control of biological invasion. The standardization of terms related to pests and pest risk analysis can provide scientific ideas for revision of the list of plant quarantine pests. The definition modification suggestions and plant quarantine pest assessment method are quite general in this paper, which provides a reference for revision of definitions and the list of plant quarantine pests.