中国基础教育70年:成就与政策

The Achievements and Policies of the Basic Education in China over the Past 70 Years

中华人民共和国成立70年来,基础教育发展经历了三个大的历史阶段:"十七年"时期的恢复与发展期,"文化大革命"中的挫折困难期,改革开放以来的战略发展期。主要成就有:基础教育规模空前扩大,办学水平和教育教学质量不断提高,基础教育经费和资源保障不断加强,办学体制和管理制度日益完善。主要政策包括:全面普及、重点发展、公平优先、学生全面发展、法治保障增强、教学改革创新等方面。基本经验和政策启示是:坚持中国特色社会主义教育道路,国家为基础教育制定统一规划,中央政府统一领导全国基础教育,各地统筹实施基础教育,实行公办为主的多元办学体制,坚持加强国际合作交流。

Over the past 70 years since the founding of People's Republic of China,the development of the basic education in China has gone through three major historical stages:the founding period before 1966,the frustrating and tough period of the Great Cultural Revolution,and the developing period since the reform and opening-up.The major achievements are.the scale of basic education has expanded unprecedentedly;the level of school-running and the quality of teaching has improved a lot;the funds and resources for education have been secured by the state;and the educational system and regulations have been developed.The main policies include overall popularizing the basic education,giving priority to developing the basic education,promoting educational equity and students'all-round development, securing the basic education by the rule of law,and keeping teaching reform and innovation.The basic experience and policy implications for the reform and development of basic education in China over the past 70 years are the adherence to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics,the consistent basic education policies overall planned by the state,led by the central government and implemented by local governments,the multifarious school systems with public school system as the mainstream,and the strengthened cooperation in international exchanges.