森林枯落物对流域水文过程调节机理研究进展

Research Advances on the Regulatory Mechanism of Forest Litters on Watershed Hydrological Processes

陆地生态系统关键要素对水文过程的调节机理是国际水文学及水资源等领域的研究热点和前沿问题。森林枯落物作为陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,是林区水文过程的重要影响因子,不仅能够延滞流域产/汇流、减缓洪水灾害,还能增强流域上游地区的水源涵养功能。因此,亟需深入研究森林枯落物对流域坡面水文过程尤其是产/汇流的调节机理。鉴于此,文中总结分析了森林枯落物自身持水特性及其对土壤入渗、蒸散发、坡面产/汇流等方面影响的国内外研究动态,指出了现有研究的基本特征,系统梳理了研究进程中尚存在的问题,并对其研究前景进行了展望,以期对森林区的枯落物水文功能及其调节机理的进一步研究提供参考。

The regulatory mechanism of key terrestrial ecosystem elements on hydrological process is a heat and frontier issue in the fields of international hydrology and water resources. As an important component of terrestrial ecosystem,litter layer is a vital factor influencing hydrological process in forest areas. It can not only delay the process of runoff generation or confluence and mitigate the flood disasters,but also enhance the water conservation function in the upper areas of watershed. Therefore,it is urgent to study the regulatory mechanism of forest litters on the hydrological process,especially on the runoff generation or confluence. For the purpose of providing references for further study of hydrological function and regulatory mechanism of the litters in forest area,this paper summarized and analyzed the research trends at home and abroad on the water-holding characteristics of forest litter layer and its effects on soil infiltration,evapotranspiration,slope runoff and overland flow,pointed out the basic characteristics of existing research,systematically sorted out the problems currently rising in the research process,and prospected its research prospects.