蒙古马自然感染马鼻狂蝇蛆的细胞免疫反应研究

Cellular immune response in Mongolian horse naturally infected with Rhinoestrus sp.(Diptera: Oestridae)

为了探索马鼻狂蝇蛆感染蒙古马的免疫学机制,在呼和浩特市屠宰场采集感染马鼻狂蝇蝇蛆的4头蒙古马的咽部和扁桃体组织,同时收集2头健康蒙古马作为对照组,制作常规石蜡切片,通过HE染色和免疫组化试验,对咽部和扁桃体组织T淋巴细胞(CD3^+)、B淋巴细胞(CD20^+)、巨噬细胞(CD68^+)进行分析。结果显示:感染组咽部黏膜的黏膜下层有虫卵肉芽肿形成,咽部黏膜存在大量的巨噬细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞;免疫组化显示,与对照组相比,感染组咽部组织内CD3^+细胞显著上升(P<0. 05),CD20^+、CD68^+细胞极显著上升(P<0. 01);感染组扁桃体内的CD20^+细胞显著上升(P <0. 05),CD3^+、CD68^+细胞极显著上升(P<0. 01)。结果表明:感染马鼻狂蝇蛆后蒙古马出现了Ⅰ型超敏反应和Ⅳ型超敏反应,T、B淋巴细胞及巨噬细胞增多表明机体获得性免疫反应发挥了作用,并可能产生了针对马鼻狂蝇蝇蛆的特异性免疫球蛋白。

In order to explore the mechanism of immunology,the pharynx and tonsil tissues from four Mongolian horses infected with Rhinoestrus sp. larvae were collected in a local slaughterhouse in Hohhot,Inner Mongolia;and two healthy Mongolian horses formed the control group. The immunohistochemical examination and histopathological examination were conducted on thepharyngealand tonsilsamples. Graphpad prism 5. 0 software was used for data analysis. Histopathological examination results indicated hyperplasia,metaplasia,cilia reduction,and eosinophilic exocytosis in the epithelium of the pharynx. There were manyeosinophils in the epithelium of the pharynx. Granulomawas found in the pharynx. Immunohistochemical results showed cell counting differences( P < 0. 05) in the number of overall T lymphocytes( CD20^+);cell counting significant differences( P<0. 01) in the number of B lymphocytes( CD3^+) and macrophages( CD68^+) in the pharynx tissues between,the infected horses and control horses. The cell counting difference was significant( P<0. 01) in the number of T lymphocytes and macrophages in the tonsil tissues,and the cell counting differences( P<0. 05) were also significant in the number of overall B lymphocytes in the tonsil tissues between the infected and control horses. The immunohistochemical results suggested that hypersensitivity type Ⅰ and hypersensitivity type Ⅳ were induced in the pharynx. Increased numbers of T and B lymphocytes and macrophages indicated that antigens and enzymes excreted or secreted by the larvae into the mucosa induced the pathogenesis of Rhinoestrus sp. infection. Cellular response was induced to isolate and destroy the larvae.