全基因组关联分析在德国牧羊犬髋关节发育不良研究中的应用现状

Research progress on application of genome wide association study in hip dysplasia of German shepherd dogs

犬髋关节发育不良(canine hip dysplasia,CHD)是犬常见的骨科疾病,传统放射学诊断对降低CHD发病率的作用有限,而基因诊断技术则可以有效促进CHD的育种改良。全基因组关联分析(genome wide association study,GWAS)是一种全基因组范围内的遗传标记的检测技术,对复杂性状功能基因的鉴定十分有效,已成为挖掘畜禽复杂疾病和性状遗传的重要方法。随着犬全基因组测序的完成以及犬不同密度SNP芯片的商业化,GWAS已经成为CHD致病基因筛选的一个重要手段。本文综述了GWAS的定义与影响因素,CHD在国外的育种现状及GWAS在德国牧羊犬中的研究进展。

Canine hip dysplasia( CHD) is one of the most prevalent developmental orthopedic diseases in dogs worldwide. Unfortunately,the effect of eradiation programs against this disease based on radiographic diagnosis is low. Integrating the use of diagnostic genetic tools into the current phenotype-based approach might be beneficial. Genome wide association study( GWAS) is a marker-assisted selection method with the whole genome data. It is efficient in diagnosing complex traits,and has become an important method in exploring into animal complex disease and inheritance of characters. As the achievement in dog genome sequencing and commercialization of the SNP chip,the strategy of genomic selection has become an important method for screening the major gene. In this review,we briefly summarize the definition,influence factors of GWAS,current situation of breeding of CHD in other countries and the use of GWAS in research on CHD in German shepherd dogs.