虾夷扇贝天然苗种筛选装置的研究与应用

Research and application of a screening device for natural seedlings of the scallop Patinopecten yessoensis

随着贝类底播增养殖产业的迅猛发展,为保证底播贝苗的成活率,养殖企业对天然苗种更加重视。天然苗种采用中间育成方法,需要对苗种进行筛选作业,但目前筛选作业仍以人工作业为主,存在作业效率低、劳动强度大等问题。作者通过对大连地区虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)天然苗种筛选作业调研的基础上,设计了满足生产实际需求的扇贝苗种筛选装置,可实现3种规格贝苗的筛选作业。试验分2阶段进行,第1阶段对影响筛选准确性的因素进行正交分析于验证,确定了最佳工艺参数;第2阶段在大连旅顺进行的生产性对比试验得出,机械筛选的平均准确率为91.33%,误差率低于10%,且5组筛选结果无显著性差异(P>0.05);同时机械筛选的平均作业效率为80g/(人/min),约为人工筛选作业效率的8倍。由此说明扇贝苗种筛选装置具有较高的准确性、稳定性和高效性,具有推广应用价值。

With the rapid development of bottom breeding technology, breeding enterprises are paying more attention to natural seedlings to ensure the survival rate of the bottom seedlings. The natural breeding method involves the intermediate breeding method and requires screening of the seedlings. Based on the investigation of the screening of natural seedlings of scallops in Dalian, a screening device was designed that enabled screening of three types of scallop seedlings. The experiment was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, the orthogonal experiment analyzed the critical influencing factors of the statistical accuracy of screening and determined the optimum technological parameters of the screening device for scallop seedling. In the second phase, based on the actual production situation, the average accuracy rate of mechanical screening was found to be 91.33%, and the error rate was <10%. No significant difference was observed between the screening results of the five groups (P > 0.05). The operating efficiency was 80 g/(person/min), which was approximately eight times the efficiency of manual screening operations. These results confirmed the high accuracy, stability, and efficiency of the scallop seedling screening device, indicating its potential for promotion and application.