蓝莓花期病菌的分离鉴定及室内毒力测定

Isolation, Identification and Pharmaceutical Screening of Pathogenic Fungi for Blueberry Flowering Disease

[目的]确定引起蓝莓花期病害的病原菌种类及室内筛选用于该病菌的防治药剂。[方法]对病原菌进行分离、纯化、分子生物学鉴定,确定病原菌种类;选用18种杀菌剂对病原菌进行抑菌效果测定,筛选出有效药剂,为防治该病的发生提供理论依据。[结果]从麻江县部分蓝莓花上分离出7个纯菌株,通过病原菌r DNA-ITS系列分析,鉴定为间座壳属(Diaporthe phaseolorum)、链孢霉(Neurospora)、球黑孢霉(Nigrospora sphaerica)、内生真菌(Endophyte)、和灰霉病(Botrytis cinerea)。18种农药对蓝莓灰霉菌(Botrytis cinerea)进行室内毒力测定,结果表明:50%咪鲜胺锰盐DP、45%咪鲜胺ME和10%苯醚甲环唑SC对灰霉菌的EC50值小于1 mg/L,分别为0.0181、0.2510、0.5285 mg/L。[结论]对麻江染病蓝莓花分离病菌为间座壳属(Diaporthe phaseolorum)、链孢霉(Neurospora)、球黑孢霉(Nigrospora sphaerica)、内生真菌(Endophyte)和灰霉病(Botrytis cinerea);筛选出18种针对蓝莓花期的灰霉菌的药剂,其中50%鲜胺锰盐WP对灰霉菌具有较好抑制效果,可进一步进行田间试验。

[Aims] This study aims to isolate and identify the pathogenic fungus of blueberry flowering disease, and screen out effective fungicides for inhibition of its mycelium growth. [Methods] The pathogenic fungus of blueberry flowering disease was isolated, purified and identified by using the fungi morphological and molecular biological identification. Eighteen fungicides were used to determine the inhibitory effect of pathogenic bacteria, and were selected to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of the disease. [Results] Seven purified pathogenic strains from different samples were isolated, and then these strains were identified as Diaporthe phaseolorum,Neurospora, Nigrospora sphaerica, Endophyte, and Botrytis cinerea, by r DNA-ITS sequence analysis of pathogenic bacteria. The indoor toxicity test results of 18 fungicides on Botrytis cinerea showed that the EC50 of imidine manganese salt 50% DP, imidine 45% ME and fenoxydazole 10% SC were less than 1, 0.0181, 0.2510 and 0.5285 m g/L respectively. [Conclusions] The pathogens of the blueberry flowering stage were isolated from D. phaseolorum,Neurospora, N. sphaerica, Endophyte and B. cinerea. The toxicities of 18 fungicides were determined against B. cinerea of the blueberry flowering stage. Among them, imidine manganese salt 50% DP displayed good inhibitory effect on Botrytis cinerea, and further field trial could be carried out.